plate. On the under side the wings are pale red, marked with a few black spots, representing on the under side the markings of the upper side. Of these, the spots of the median and submarginal bands are most conspicuous. Expanse, 1.00-1.35

inch.

(a) Lemonias zela, Butler, var. cleis, Edwards, Plate XXVIII, Fig. 19, ; Fig. 20, (Cleis).

The pale variety, cleis, is sufficiently well represented in our plate to need no description. On the under side it is like L. zela.

The species occurs in Arizona and Mexico.

Genus CALEPHELIS, Grote and Robinson

Butterfly.-Very small, brown or reddish in color, with metallic spots upon the wings. Head small; eyes naked; antennæ relatively long, slender, with a bluntly rounded club. Palpi very short; the third joint small, pointed. The accompanying cut shows the neuration.

FIG. 127. Neu

ration of the genus Calephelis.

Early Stages.-Entirely unknown.

(1) Calephelis cænius, Linnæus, Plate XXVIII, Fig. 16, 3 (The Little Metal-mark).

Butterfly.-Very small, reddish-brown on the upper side, brighter red on the under side. On both the upper and under sides the wings are profusely spotted with small steely-blue metallic markings, arranged in more or less regular transverse series, especially on the outer margin. Expanse, .75 inch.

Early Stages. The life-history is unknown.

Canius is common in Florida, and ranges thence northward to Virginia and westward to Texas.

(2) Calephelis borealis, Grote and Robinson, Plate XXVIII, Fig. 12, 8, under side; Fig. 13, 8 (The Northern Metal-mark).

Butterfly.-Fully twice as large as the preceding species. The wings on the upper side are sooty-brown, spotted with black, and marked by a marginal and submarginal series of small metallic spots. On the under side the wings are light red, spotted with a multitude of small black spots arranged in regular series.

The two rows of metallic spots near the margins are repeated more distinctly on this side. Expanse, 1.15 inch.

Early Stages.-Unknown.

This rare insect has been taken from New York to Virginia, and as far west as Michigan and Illinois. The only specimen I have ever seen in life I took at the White Sulphur Springs in West Virginia. It settled on the under side of a twig of black birch, with expanded wings, just over my head, and by a lucky stroke of the net I swept it in.

(3) Calephelis australis, Edwards, Plate XXVIII, Fig. 14, ♂ (The Southern Metal-mark).

Butterfly.-The wings in the male sex are more pointed at the apex than in the preceding species, and in both sexes are smaller in expanse. The color of the upper side of the wings is dusky, on the under side pale yellowish-red. On both sides the wings are obscurely marked with dark spots arranged in transverse series. The marginal and submarginal metallic bands of spots are as in the preceding species. Expanse, 1.00 inch. Early Stages.- Unknown.

Australis ranges from Texas and Arizona into Mexico.

(4) Calephelis nemesis, Edwards, Plate XXVIII, Fig. 15, ♂ (The Dusky Metal-mark).

Butterfly. Very small,- as small as cænius,- but with the fore wings at the apex decidedly pointed in the male sex. The wings are dusky-brown above, lighter obscure reddish below. Both the primaries and the secondaries on the upper side are crossed by a dark median band, broader on the primaries at the costa. The metallic markings are quite small and indistinct. Expanse, .85 inch.

Early Stages.- Unknown.

Nemesis occurs in Arizona and southern California.

"Why, he 'd lay on the ground for an hour at a stretch And scratch in the dirt like a hen;

He 'd scrape all the bark off the bushes and trees,
And turn the stones over; and then

He'd peek under logs, or he 'd pry into holes.
I'm glad there ain't no more sech men.

"My wife see a box in his bedroom, one day, Jest swarmin' with live caterpillars;

He fed 'em on leaves off of all kinds of trees

The ellums and birches and willers;

And he 'd got piles of boxes, chock-full to the top
With crickets and bees and moth-millers.

"I asked him, one time, what his business might be.
Of course, I fust made some apology.
He tried to explain, but such awful big words!
Sorto' forren, outlandish, and collegey.

'S near 's I can tell, 'stead of enterin' a trade,

He was tryin' to jest enter mology.

"And Hannah, my wife, says she 's heerd o' sech things;
She guesses his brain warn't so meller.

There's a thing they call Nat'ral Histerry, she says,

And, whatever the folks there may tell her,

Till it's settled she 's wrong she 'll jest hold that-air man
Was a Nat'ral Histerrical feller."

ANNIE TRUMBull Slosson.

MIMICRY

Protective mimicry as it occurs in animals may be the simulation in form or color, or both, of natural objects, or it may be the simulation of the form and color of another animal, which for some reason enjoys immunity from the attacks of species which ordinarily prey upon its kind. Of course this mimicry is unconscious and is the result of a slow process of development which has, no doubt, gone on for ages.

Remarkable instances of mimicry, in which things are simulated, are found in the insect world. The walking-sticks," as they are called, creatures which resemble the twigs of trees; the leaf-insects," in which the foliage of plants is apparently reproduced in animate forms; the "leaf-butterfly" of India, in which the form and the color and even the venation of leaves are reproduced, are illustrations of mimicry which are familiar to all who have given any attention to the subject.

Repulsive objects are frequently mimicked. A spider has been lately described from the Indo-Malayan region, which, as it rests upon the leaves, exactly resembles a patch of bird-lime. The resemblance is so exact as to deceive the most sagacious, and the discovery of the creature was due to the fact that the naturalist who happened to see it observed, to his surprise, that what he was positive was a mass of ordure was actually in motion. A similar case of mimicry is observable among some of the small acontiid moths of North America. One of these is pure white, with the tips of the fore wings dark greenish-brown. It sits on the upper side of leaves, with its fore wings folded over, or rolled about the hind wings, and in this attitude it so nearly approximates in appearance the ordure of a sparrow as to have often deceived me when collecting.

FAMILY III. LYCENIDÆ

(THE BLUES, THE COPPERS, THE HAIR-STREAKS)

SUBFAMILY LYCÆNINÆ

"Mark, while he moves amid the sunny beam,
O'er his soft wings the varying lusters gleam.
Launched into air, on purple plumes he soars,
Gay nature's face with wanton glance explores;
Proud of his varying beauties, wings his way,

And spoils the fairest flowers, himself more fair than they."
Quoted as from Haworth by Scudder.

Butterfly.-Small, in both sexes having all feet adapted to walking. There is exceeding diversity of form in the various genera composing this family. Many of the genera are characterized by the brilliant blue on the upper side of the wings; in other genera shades of coppery-red predominate. The hair-streaks frequently have the hind wings adorned with one or more slender, elongated tails. In Africa and in Asia there are numerous genera which strongly mimic protected insects belonging to the Acræinæ.

Egg. The eggs are for the most part flattened or turbanshaped, curiously and beautifully adorned with ridges, minute eminences, and reticulations. Some of them under the microscope strongly resemble the shells of "sea-biscuits" with the rays removed (see p. 4, Fig. 7).

Caterpillar. The caterpillars are for the most part slugshaped, flattened. They are vegetable feeders, save the larvæ of two or three genera, which are aphidivorous, feeding upon mealy bugs or plant-lice.

Chrysalis.-The chrysalids are short, compressed, attached at the anal extremity, with a girdle or cincture about the middle, closely fastened to the surface upon which pupation takes place.