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26 per cent. of 8 and 12, 25 per cent. 12 and 15, and 14 per cent. of 18 and 21; 51 per cent. were born deaf. Special and continued instruction is given in lip-reading and articulations with varied success." The recent act of the Legislature, appropriating money for the establishment of a system of mechanical instruction, has led to the enlargement of the shoe shop and the introduction of the machinery necessary to teach the trade on a larger scale; a room has been fitted up as a carpenter shop, and another provided with a printing-press. The superintendent regrets that circumstances have as yet prevented him from giving auricular instruction the attention that its promise deserves.

NEW YORK.

Le Couteulx St. Mary's Institution for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, Buffalo, N. Y.-Of the 139 pupils in the school at the close of the year covered by the report, 87 were State pupils and 27 county; 19 were supported by parents or guardians, and 6 were charity scholars. The method of instruction is the combined articulation. "The greater number of those who have been born deaf, or who have lost their hearing in infancy, make comparatively small gain in speech and in lip-reading, though still enough to be useful to them in their homes and among their friends." The boys, according to their individual aptitude and taste, are taught printing, tailoring, or shoemaking The principal remarks that printing not only is attractive to the students, but that the trade promotes their intellectual growth, adding: "Many of our former pupils are now filling lucrative positions in newspaper and job-printing offices in various parts of the country."

St. Joseph's Institute for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, Fordham, N. Y.Although the system of instruction has not radically changed, "there has been a steady advancement from the combined to the oral in the classes where the former system is still in use." The studies are those of the public schools. Shoemaking and tailoring are taught the boys.

Northern New York Institution for Deaf-Mutes,1 Malone, N. Y.-Of the 56 pupils connected with the school during the year covered by the report, 46 were supported by the State and 10 by counties. Speaking of the method of instruction followed at his school the superintendent says: "We do not use signs as an end in this institution. Even for the most advanced and intelligent deaf-mutes and, I may add, semi-mutes the explanation of difficult words and phrases by signs is of great value; but for beginners, and those whose mental faculties are of the lowest order, they are indispensable." As the parents of several pupils having some power of speech desired that their children should retain it, a teacher was detailed to instruct such pupils in articulation and lip-reading, a temporary arrangement until the services of an articulation teacher can be obtained. After commenting on the difficulties of instructing the deaf, the superintendent remarks: "It is very unfortunate that so many of our pupils arrive at the institution at an age when the difficulty of imparting instruction to them is doubled. Their most impressive years are gone, and they generally find it a task of no small moment to retain in the mind what they commit to memory."

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Institution for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, New York, N. Y.-The number of State pupils instructed during the year was 108; county, 66; paying tuition, 19; and charity, 1. There were 14 classes, under 4 male and 10 female teachers. The institution has of late received a considerable number of very young pupils, touching the education of whom the superintendent remarks: "Now, in my experience I have found that those deaf-mutes inake the most satisfactory progress in speech and lipreading whose instruction is commenced when they are 8 or 9 years old. All that can be done with such young children is to prepare them for the regular school work, which they have to begin when they are old enough for it." To meet the requirements of this class a preparatory department was organized, with a curriculum consisting of calisthenics, kindergarten work, writing, lip-reading, and, for 2 hours daily, preliminary voice-training. An important advance has been made in the method of teaching science. This consists of a system of object lessons, reinforced and invigorated by a continuous series of succinct questions admitting of concise responses, for the purpose of familiarizing the pupils with those principles of physics, chemistry, and geometry that are most applied in the workshop. In the industrial department instruction is given to the larger boys 4 afternoons in the week, the object being not to teach, as yet, trades, but general mechanical principles. For the girls, in addition to the usual sewing, cutting, aud fitting, there is a well equipped cooking school; they are also taught drawing and, to those showing talent, painting.

In his remarks at the convention at Berkeley, on the desirability of multiplying institutions for the purpose of increasing attendance (see page 822, convention), Rev. Thomas Gallandet says of this institution: "There is a singular fact with regard to this school. The majority of the young men are over eighteen years of age-men who had grown up in ignorance, twenty, twenty-two, and twenty-four years of age. You could see the results of training, even in their physical condition, in the way they looked and carried themselves. I saw them when they began, some two years ago.

NORTH CAROLINA.

North Carolina Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, Raleigh, N. C.— Of the 5 classes in the department for the deaf, 2 are taught by the oral method. Shoemaking is the only trade taught, but others are asked for, especially printing. The number taught during the period covered by the report was 26; the girls receive instruction in sewing.

OHIO.

Cincinnati (Ohio) Deaf-Mute School. The average attendance during the year was 29 in this school, 20 having attended for the whole session of 10 months, and 5 from 8 to 10 months. All studied reading, orthography, writing upon slates, arithmetic, penmanship, and composition; 6 geography, and 6 history. 44 were 10 or under, and 30 were 13 or 14 years of age. The school was taught in two school-rooms having accommodations for 40 pupils.

The Oral School for the Deaf, Cincinnati, Ohio.-This school, the purpose for which the Society for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes was formed in August, 1886, offers instruction in the purely oral method. In many instances the society as sumes the expense of educating the child whose parents or guardians are destitute. For the year under review the work of the society was facilitated by permission to use for school purposes a room in the Children's Home free of rent; a class of 10 was soon formed, and placed under competent teachers. In regard to the success of the school the executive committee observes, "The work accomplished was in every respect gratifying. The executive committee of the society is confident that the work to be accomplished during the present year will increase the usefulness of the school and that it will illustrate practically the main objects and purposes of the work, and typify it not alone as an educational effort but also a desirable charity." Ohio Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Columbus, Ohio.-The whole number of students instructed here has been 2,152, of whom 31 per cent. were born deaf (excluding 80 not reported). Excluding those whose age, at time of becoming deaf, was not reported (411) and those born deaf, 34 per cent. were over 3 years old when deafness occurred. The industrial department is organized on a very practical basis; in the printing-office (38 pupils) the printing for the State agricultural board is done, as well as the job work of the institution; in the shoemaking shop (47 pupils) shoes are made and repaired for the inmates at the expense of their parents, $1,500 for the year covered by the report; and the repairs, extensions, and alterations necessary to so large an establishment are done by the carpentry class (28 pupils). To these occupations is to be added tailoring.

OREGON.

Oregon School for the Education of Deaf-Mutes, Salem, Oregon.-The present condition of this school contrasts strongly with its original quarters in an utterly inadequate, rented building. The institution now owns 3 fine buildings adapted to the purposes of the school, provided by funds not granted by the State. Articulation is taught every afternoon to those who seem qualified to make progress in it. The great want of the institution is an industrial department.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Pennsylvania Oral School for the Deaf, Scranton, Pa.-The appropriation for a building for this school having been vetoed by the governor of the State, the school can offer its advantages only to those who reside in the vicinity, which greatly interferes with the attendance. The president of the board of directors observes: "The success of the school and advancement of the pupils under our care has been a marvel to those who attended the exhibitions. We can only reiterate what we have expressed before, and experience shows, that the unfortunate deaf children are able to become speaking men and women and to all appearances as those that hear." Miss Emma Garrett, the principal of the school, a teacher of experience, and an advocate of the pure oral method, also devotes a portion of time to normal training as referred to under Training of Teachers, p. 820.

The Western Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, Wilkinsburg, Pa. Of the 173 pupils under instruction for the year ending September. 1886, 31 per cent, were reported as born deaf, excluding these and those who became deaf before completing their third year, and the unknown cases (4), 28 per cent., lost their hearing after entering upon their fourth year. The system of instruction pursued is the combined, but it is sought as far as possible to adapt the method to the evident needs of the pupil rather than the pupil to general theories. The results of instruction in articulation and lip-reading are encouraging, and children likely to derive benefit from this method are daily exercised in vocalization and lip-reading

under the supervision of an experienced instructor. Two pleasant rooms have been fitted up as a library, and books will soon be provided by the income from a fund of $5,000 lately given by Andrew Carnegie, Esq. In the industrial department instruction is given in carpentry, shoe and cabinet making. It has been determined to discontinue the holiday vacations, the authorities having been induced to take the step from having imposed upon them 40 cases of mumps resulting from contact with a pupil who had contracted the disease while at home during the vacation at Christmas, and 21 cases of measles propagated by a pupil who had caught the disease while at home at Easter.

RHODE ISLAND.

Rhode Island School for the Deaf, Providence, R. I.-The aim of this school is "to teach deaf children to use the English language with the spontaneity, correctness, and enjoyment of hearing children, as far as this is practicable." To attain this end it is very desirable that children be sent to school even at the age of 5 or 6. Prizes are offered for progress in articulation and speech-reading. The course of instruction is thoroughly graded into 4 divisions of two years each. There appears to be no industrial department, but it is noted that two pupils took lessons in drawing in the Rhode Island School of Design and two others have attended an industrial school on Saturdays. The great want of the school is a boarding department.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

South Carolina Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, Cedar Spring, S. C.-The west wing of the building having been completed during the year covered by the report, it was occupied during the last term. Articulation is taught.

VIRGINIA.

Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb and of the Blind, Staunton, Va.The course of study has been lengthened one year by the addition of a higher class (the seventh class of the school) which gives effect to the provision which allows the pupil seven years of instruction. By a systematic series of efforts the superintendent has brought the number of pupils present on the first day of the session from 35 in 1884-85 to 68 in 1886-87, thus enabling the school to organize immediately. The class of articulation for 1886-87 consisted of the new scholars and of 25 pupils selected from the two classes of the previous year. The number of these, too large for one teacher, will be decreased by the removal of those not benefited by the instruction. The boys are daily instructed for 3 hours in some handicraft that will enable them to support themselves after leaving school. The Russian system of industrial instruction has lately been introduced into the wood-working shop which has been enlarged to accommodate the new machinery.

TENNESSEE.

Tennessee School for the Deaf, Knoxville, Tenn.-Articulation and lip-reading, taught under the method known as the combined, is steadily growing in favor at this school. The average attendance for the period covered by the report was 103, a number that it is thought should be increased by 25 per cent. Discussing the query, "Are we doing as much as we ought for the deaf of Tennessee?" the superintendent observes: "Most of our young men who wish to attend the National Deaf-Mute College leave us to enter the preparatory department of that institution. I think that we should, at least, with other institutions, fit pupils for the introductory class, and that we should give those boys and girls whose school life will end when they leave a mental equipment more nearly equal to that of their hearing companions who have received the benefits of the public schools."

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TEXAS.

Teras Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Institution for Colored Youth, Austin Tex.-Through the kindness of Z. F. Fulmore, Esq., of Austin, to whom, by the courtesy of Superintendent Rainey of the School for the Blind, the Commissioner's letter of inquiry was referred, the Office has been informed of the circumstances under which this institution has lately come into life. In 1887 the Legislature provided for an institution, appropriated $50,000 for its establishment, and appointed three commissioners to carry out the act, of whom Mr. Fulmore was one. Uninformed as to the number of

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children who were entitled to become beneficiaries, or who would avail themselves of their privilege, the commission entered upon a double line of activity, appointed a superintendent (a colored citizen, the members of the commission are not colored, whose first duty it was to collect statistics and purchase 100 acres of land. buildings on this farm were re-adjusted and added to in order to accommodate the 50 children that the superintendent soon reported would attend. The school is sufficiently supplied with apparatus, is out of debt, and has funds to carry it on until the next Legislature will have appropriated for its further support. The deaf pupils will be in a large majority.

WISCONSIN.

Oral Department of the Public Schools, for the Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, La Crosse, Wis.-This school has been organized under the statute of 1885 of Wisconsin. That it is a day school taught on the oral method is indicated by its name. Other than that contained in the table, the Office has no information.

WYOMING.

Wyoming Institution for the Blind and the Deaf, Cheyenne, Wyo.-Through the courtesy of George C. Rafter, Esq., of Cheyenne, the Office has been put in possession of the following facts in regard to this as yet unopened institution: The Legislature of 1886 appropriated $8,000 to defray the expenses of a school for the blind and deaf for two years, providing that the school should not be opened until an attendance of 12 was assured. The commission to whom the plan and the money were entrusted did not delay to purchase a block of land and erect a suitable building, which is now ready for use. The next Legislature will be asked to remove the condition of opening and to provide liberally to carry on the work.

III.-STATISTICS.

TABLE 74.-Number of schools for the deaf and the teachers and pupils in them for 1886-87, by States and divisions.

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TABLE 74.-Number of schools for the deaf, and the teachers and pupils in them for 1886-87, by States and divisions-Continued.

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a Not including the recently established schools at Austin, Tex., and Cheyenne, Wyo.

Male.

Female.

Total.

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