instructed in the common school branches 4 hours daily, the other part of the day being given to manual labor. Military drill was introduced during 1886, and has been found a valuable aid in promoting order.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

State Industrial School, Manchester, N. H.-The number committed to the institution during the year was 154, 24 per cent. of whom were convicted of slight offences,-disobedience, idleness, and the like,-34 per cent. were 12 years old or under, and 40 per cent. were committed during minority. The building erected by the principal and accumulated interest of the appropriation of 1879 has enabled the school to embark upon the manufacture of hosiery, at which industry half of the boys and girls are daily employed. The school has several funds, the interest of which is used in adding to the library. The common school studies are taught.

NEW JERSEY.

New Jersey State Reform School, Jamesburg, N. J.-The commitments during the year were 120, of whom 29 per cent. were committed for incorrigibility, etc., and 32 per cent. were 12 or under. Thirty-one per cent. had previously been arrested, and 23 per cent. were orphans or had no fathers; 39 former inmates were returned to the school during the year and 8 pupils escaped. Forty-three per cent. of the new pupils could not read, or read only in the first reader, and only 1 could read in the fifth. The daily instruction in the school has been lengthened from 3 to 4 hours, with a corresponding reduction in the hours of labor. The boys are engaged in cultivating the farin and are instructed in carpentry, shoe-making, blacksmithing, etc.

Newark City Home, Newark, N. J.-The large number of illiterates received during the last two years has almost reduced the school-room work of this institution to primary teaching; the advanced classes pursue arithmetic, geography, and history. The sessions of the school last for 6 hours daily. The inmates work on the farm and in the brush shop connected with the institution.

NEW YORK.

The Burnham Industrial Farm, Canaan, Four Corners, N. Y.- The property of this recently established institution consists of a farm of 580 acres formerly occupied by a Shaker community. It has on it several dwelling-hon3cs, shops, and extensive barns, etc., one of the buildings containing a steam-engine and boilers. The religious influence is Protestant, but not denominational Besides the agricultural pursuits which the great extent and splendid condition of the farm invite, the trades of carpentry, blacksmithing, etc., will be introduced at the earliest practical moment. The inmates are given the rudiments of a common school education; the daily session is of 2 hours.

New York State Reformatory, Elmira, N. Y.-Education is compulsory here. Of 2,378 inmates received during the last ten years, 20 per cent. were unable to read or write, and though 53 per cent, could do both they practised those arts with difficulty. Of the 711 inmates ou September 30, 1886, 90 per cent. could read and write finently, the others being in the rudiments of language. At the close of each of the three terms into which the school year has been divided, those having passed the last monthly examination are promoted, the proportion of men advanced ranging from 50 to 80 per cent:, the percentage being smallest in the primary division. To endeavor to invigorate the understanding of 12 incorrigible dullards, not one of whom knows the name of the country in which we live, they were subjected to a 5-mouths' course of daily vapor baths, massage, and calisthenics. As the course progressed their minds brightened," and "from being fairly contented to remain in the lowest grade an ambition to earn perfect records guided the conduct and work of all." The average marking according to the school register was 45.25 before the experiment begau, and 74.16 at its close.

New York House of Refuge, Randall's Island, N. Y.-Four hundred and forty-six commitments were made during the year to this institution, of which 54 per cent, were for the slight offences of vagrancy, etc.; the percentage that were 12 or less than 12 years of age was 24, and of those who had been previously arrested, 40. The common school studies are taught very thoroughly and with excellent results. It is contemplated to replace contract labor by a system of agricultural and horticul tural training upon ground to be reclaimed, giving the institution about 20 acres of arable land; to carry out the project in part the Legislature is asked to appropriate $25,000. At this school the younger and less hardened boys are carefully separated from the hardened inmates,,cach class having its own eating and sleeping apartments, and play-grounds.

OHIO.

Boys' Industrial School, Lancaster, Ohio.-Two hundred and sixty-one boys were committed to this school during the year covered by the report, of whom 29 per cent. were 12 or under, and 30 per cent. were orphans or had lost their fathers. Eighteen inmates that had been released were recommitted, and 12 of those detained escaped. Half the day is spent in school, the other portion being devoted to farming, gardening, blacksmithing, shoemaking, etc. The school is conducted on the family system, being located in 11 buildings.

Cincinnati House of Refuge, Cincinnati, Ohio.-Seventy per cent. of the 367 committed to this institution during the year were detained for slight offences, and 46 per cent. were 12 or under. Fifty-three per cent. were orphans or had lost their fathers, 28 per cent. had been arrested before, and 39 per cent. could not read, or read only in the first reader. The pupils are divided into families, of which there are 4 for the boys and 2 for the girls, each family having its own school, play-ground, workshop, etc.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Pennsylvania Reform School, Morganza, Pa.-Of the 412 persons committed to this school during the two years covered by the report, 83 per cent. were sent on charges of incorrigibility or vicious conduct, 33 per cent. were under 13 years of age, 43 per cent. could not read, or read with difficulty, 29 per cent. were orphans or had lost their fathers, and 3 per cent. were recommitments. The school is conducted on the family system, and the inmates, divided into six families, are required to attend school 64 hours daily. The pupils are taught shoemaking, tailoring, and brush-making.

House of Refuge, Philadelphia, Pa.-The crowded condition of this institution has induced the board of managers to ask that the buildings of the school be purchased by the State, in order that an agricultural reform school on the family plan may be established with the proceeds. The schools, 17 in all, giving a good elementary education, are under a superintendent and 19 teachers, including a teacher of music. In the industrial department shoemaking, cane-seating, and tailoring, are taught.

WISCONSIN.

Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls and Young Boys, Milwaukee, Wis.-This institution is for girls under 16 and boys under 10, and receives in addition to those committed to its care by legal process a number of charity pupils, who are supported by a fund made up by the citizens of Milwaukee. A kindergarten has been established in connection with the schools.

III. STATISTICS.

TABLE 85.-Number of reform schools and of employés and pupils in them for 1886-87, by States and Divisions.

Stato or Division.

TABLE 85.-Number of reform schools and of employés and pupils in them for 1886-84 by States and Divisions-Continued.

South Atlantic Division:
Maryland

District of Columbia..

Total for 1886-87

30 1

(4)

26

2

(28)

8888

32

712

62

774 227

254

28

168

168

107

a One institution reporting that it is not now a school, and another not reporting at all for several years, included here.

b Five institutions included that do not appear in this report.

TABLE 86.-Pupils to an employé in reform schools for 1886-87.