periodicals for 1886-87-Continued. Feb, Successor to Journal of National Indian Association. Supplement extra. 15 fr. Established in 1882 as Journal Froebel des Écoles Belges, then changed in 1884 to Journal des Jeux et Ouvrages. In 1887 again changed to its present title. 5 fr. Appears every two or three months. a The price given is the annual subscription in the country where published. Amsterdam, Netherlands. Halmstad, Sweden.... CENTRAL AMERICA. San José, Costa Rica SOUTH AMERICA. Recueil des Lois et Actes de l'In- Revue Internationale de l'Enseigne. ment. Revue Pédagogique..... Deutsche Schulgesetz Sammlung... Pädagogische Zeitung. Pädagogische Blätter.. Allgemeine Deutsche Lehrerzeitung. Cornelia Paedagogium Zeitung für das höhere Unterrichts wesen. Knabenhort. Bollettino Ufficiale Het Nieuwe Schoolblad.. Edmond Dreyfus-Brisac... Ministerium der geistlichen Unter- heiten. R. Schillmann Marie Loeper-Housselle.. Berlin Lehrerverein G. Schöppa Moritz Kleinert.. Friedrich Dittes H. A. Weiske Society of same name Ministero della Publica Istruzione.. J. Versluys... Boletin de la Institucion Libre de Institucion Libre de Enseñanza.. Buenos Ayres, Argentine El Monitor de la Educacion Comun. Comision Nacional de Educacion... Republic. CHAPTER XX. EDUCATION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Elementary education in London-Agricultural education in France-Trade and industrial schools in Switzerland-American colleges in Asia Minor-Education in the Argentine Republic-Remarks on the tables-Comparative statistics of education in foreign countries (Table 111)-Ratio of school esrolment to total population, etc., in foreign countries (Table 112). REPORT UPON ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN LONDON FOR THE YEAR ENDING LADY-DAY (MARCH 25, 1887). The following information is derived from the report of Rev. Joseph R. Diggle, chairman of the school board for London, and from the reports of the several committees of the board: The reports, mentioned as the sources of information, do not give further partico lars relative to voluntary schools. From the report of the committee of council on education for the year ending August 31, 1886, it appears that the entire teaching staff for state-aided elementary schools in London was 11,392. The remaining particulars here given must be understood as relating solely to the 397 board schools. Number of head-masters. Total number head-teachers....... Number of assistant masters. Number of assistant mistresses.... Total...... In addition to the 6,437 adult teachers enumerated above, the board employed 1,204 salaried pupil-teachers and 425 probationers without salary. The total expenditure amounted to $4, 903,845, of which $3,740,877 were for teachers' salaries. The average expenditure per child was $15.33, of which $9 was chargeable to rates, and $1.70 to fees, leaving $4.63 per child to be met from Government grants. a of the elementary school class, which includes six-sevenths of the population. The results of the inspectors' examinations show that the teaching of elementary subjects has reached the highest point yet attained. The percentages of passes were as follows: arithmetic, 87.3; writing, 90.6; reading, 95.7. With respect to other subjects, Chairman Diggle says: "There is a space of time daily set apart for the purpose of teaching the children, through Bible lessons, the essential principles upon which right conduct depends. In every school the children are taught to sing, and to sing by note. By means of extension exercises and drill, not only is the physical well-being of the children promoted, but those habits of discipline and obedience are formed, some of the results of which were observed last June in the admirable bearing and conduct of the children at the jubilee fête in Hyde Park. Throughout the boys' departments the boys are taught drawing, whilst needlework is similarly taught in the girls' departments. All the children take English as a class subject, which means that a certain amount of repetition is learnt, and a simple knowledge of English grammar is acquired. "Practically, all the boys are taught geography, whilst it is taught to about only 10 per cent. of the girls. On the other hand, more than 9,000, or about 11 per cent., of the girls acquired some knowledge of practical cookery. History, which as a class subject is still undefined in the education code, and of which the systematized course is left wholly to the discretion of Her Majesty's inspector and the school teacher, is, I regret to notice, only taught systematically to 3,400 boys and 600 girls. This shows a slight increase in the number of girls as compared with the previous year, but a decrease of 1,000 in the number of boys. Of the children eligible to be examined in specific subjects, exclusive of cookery, about 40 per cent. of the boys and 20 per cent. of the girls were presented and passed. The principal subjects in which the boys were presented were algebra (3;327 passes) and animal physiology (4,764 passes). These subjects account for 8,000 out of 11,000 passes. There were only 413 passes in French, of which 257 were from one division. 66 The girls were almost wholly presented for examination in domestic economy, which subject accounts for 4,300 out of 4,200 passes." He observes, farther, that "The great danger which apparently threatens the steady progress of elementary education is the pressure which is constantly being exerted to render obligatory additional subjects of instruction, without reference to the varying circumstances of the children or the settled conditions of elementary school life. We are in danger of destroying the efficiency of elementary education by attempting to teach a little of many things instead of teaching what it is practicable to teach thoroughly and well. Of the children in the London board schools, 96 per cent. leave school before the age of 13 years. Whilst the child attends school he is taught for about 5 hours daily for five days in the week. In the case of a large proportion of the children, their home circumstances either altogether preclude, or render extremely difficult, the preparation of home lessons in aid of the ordinary school work. When they are absent from the influence of the school, they are surrendered to the education of the street. It is quite impossible to carry out an ambitious educational programme under such conditions as these. But what it is possible to do, is to teach the elementary subjects thoroughly and intelligently, and in such a manner as to instil into the minds of the children the desire for knowledge and a sense of enjoyment in its pursuit." In 1885 the board began an experiment in manual training for boys in one of the schools. The boys are selected from the seventh standard and instructed in carpentry two afternoons in each week. Through the liberality of the city guilds, a sum of $4,875 has been provided for the purpose of extending the experiment. In consideration of the fact that 96 per cent. of the children leave school before they are 13 years of age, the chairman urges the importance of a more efficient system of evening or continuation schools by which their instruction may be continued long enough to insure lasting results. Elementary education is conducted, as has been noted, in board and voluntary schools. The latter are established mainly by the several religious denominations. The following account of the largest and, in many respects, the most remarkable of the voluntary schools is from official sources: JEWS' FREE SCHOOL, BELL LANE, SPITALFIELDS, LONDON. The Jews' free school, when founded in 1817, was constructed as a Lancasterian school for 600 boys and 300 girls. The staff for teaching, as in all similar institutions, consisted of a principal teacher and monitors. These latter, besides giving instruction to the mass of pupils, received special teaching for their own benefit. The results produced by this system were neither good nor satisfactory. Up till 1840 the school continued to be conducted in this way. In that year Mr. Moses Angel was appointed head-master. He soon discovered the weak points of the |