was also famous. geminos Scipiadas: viz. Africanus the Elder and Africanus the Younger, the heroes of the Second and Third Punic wars. Scipiadas is poetic for Scipiōnes, which refuses to fit the dactylic hexameter. 843. cladem Libyae: cladem here has active force, -the scourge of Libya. parvo potentem: i.e. contented with a little. Fabricius, one of the heroes of the age of Pyrrhus, was a familiar type of sturdy old Roman simplicity and integrity. The story of his refusal of Pyrrhus's bribes is familiar. 844. Serrane: Gaius Atilius Regulus Serranus, a distinguished general of the First Punic War, who is said to have been found sowing on his farm when the messengers came to inform him of his election to the consulship; hence his name, from sero, 'sow.' But this is probably a popular etymology. The name was originally Saranus. 845. quo fessum (me) rapitis: i.e. to the recital of what achievements do you call me, weary, as I already am, with reciting the future glories of Rome? Fabii: a famous family. The most noted was Quintus Fabius Maximus, surnamed Cunctator, because of his policy of avoiding a pitched battle in the struggle with Hannibal. 846. unus qui nobis, etc.: closely modelled on a line in Ennius's Annals, unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem; rem is used in the sense of rem publicam, the state.' 6 847 ff. These lines are printed in capitals in this edition because of their striking literary beauty and their supreme importance as indicating the key-note of the Aeneid. The poem as a whole is intended to glorify Augustus and his work as the organizer of the Empire. What Virgil here says of the spirit and mission of Rome is most profoundly true, while the language in which the thought is clothed is of striking force and beauty. alii: i.e. other nations. Virgil is thinking of the Greeks. spirantia aera: i.e. the work is so lifelike mollius with softer grace. that it seems to breathe. : 848. credo equidem: I doubt not. ducent: the living looks' are conceived of as hidden in the marble; the sculptor draws them out. 849. caeli meatus: i.e. the movements of the heavenly bodies. 850. radio: the wand of the mathematician, used for tracing figures on sand spread upon a table. dicent with the force of praedicent. 851. regere dependent upon memento. Romane the singular has collective force. populos: the nations. 852. tibi artes: thy arts. pacis imponere morem: to impose the custom (the institution) of peace. 854-886. Marcellus. 854. mirantibus: limiting eis understood, referring to Aeneas and the Sibyl. 855. ut ingreditur: cf. line 779, viden ut stant. Marcellus: Marcus Claudius Marcellus, one of the heroes of the Second Punic War and called 'The Sword of Rome.' In his first consulship (222 B.C.) he won the spolia opima, the third instance of this distinction. 857. rem Romanam sistet : shall uphold the Roman state. magno turbante tumultu: when a great upheaval shall disturb it. The reference is to the Gallic revolt and the Second Punic War. 858. Gallum rebellem: the Insubrian Gauls, whose capital was Mediolanum, the modern Milan. Marcellus defeated these at Clastidium in 222 B.C., the occasion on which he won the spolia opima. 859. tertia for the third time. : arma capta: the spolia opima. Quirino: Romulus and Cossus had dedicated their spolia opima to Jupiter Feretrius. Marcellus dedicates his to Quirinus, the deified Romulus. 860. una namque, etc.: for he saw advancing by his side a youth, etc. The reference is to Marcellus, son of Augustus's sister, Octavia, a youth of high character and great promise, intended by Augustus as his successor. He died in 23 B.C. Note that Virgil skilfully paves the way for his tribute to the young Marcellus by first introducing his famous ancestor, one of the heroes of the Second Punic War. 862. laeta parum: i.e. sad. dejecto lumina voltu: his eyes are downcast. The sad look and downcast eyes are meant to foreshadow Marcellus's early death; dejecto voltu is Ablative of Quality. 863. virum: the elder Marcellus. 865. strepitus comitum : i.e. already in the underworld the shade of Marcellus is surrounded by troops of admiring and devoted friends. instar freely, majesty. The word first means 'equality,' then 'model,' 'ideal'; literally, what an ideal (we behold) in him himself! 869. tantum: only. ultra esse to live longer. Marcellus was nineteen years of age when he died. 871. visa: understand esset. himself to the time of Marcellus's death. Anchises in imagination transports propria: lasting. dona: viz. Marcellus, who is conceived of as a gift to the state. haec 872. ille campus: the Campus Martius, the scene of Marcellus's funeral obsequies. magnam Mavortis urbem: Rome, founded by Romulus, the son of Mars. 873. aget: shall send forth. quae funera: the entire city participated in the funeral honors of Marcellus. 874. tumulum recentem: Marcellus's ashes were deposited in the magnificent Mausoleum erected by Augustus in 27 B. C. on the banks of the Tiber. 875. Latinos . . avos: shall raise such hopes among the Roman elders; literally, shall raise so much with hope. 876. quondam : = umquam. 878. heu pietas, fides, etc.: i.e. alas that we have lost these qualities in Marcellus ! prisca i.e. worthy of the good old days. se 879. illi: emphatic. For the construction, cf. cui, i. 314. tulisset obvius: would have encountered; obvius is attracted into the nominative, like obvia in i. 314. 880. pedes: as a foot-soldier (pedes, peditis). 882. si qua, etc.: if in some way thou couldst but break, etc. As in line 187, the si-clause is equivalent to a wish,-mayst thou break. 883. manibus date lilia plenis: i.e. give me my hands full of lilies to scatter on the tomb. 884. spargam, accumulem, fungar : let me strew, let me honor, etc.; Jussive Subjunctives; the speaker directs the command to himself. animam accumulem donis : poetic for animae accumulem dona, 'heap gifts upon the shade.' 885. inani munere: the vain tribute; i.e. the flowers cannot recall the dead to life. 886-892. The coming wars in Italy. 886. sic: i.e. engaging in such conversation. 887. aeris campis: fields of mist, or shadowy plains (Papillon and Haigh). 890. deinde: hereafter. gerenda understand sint. : 891. Laurentis populos: the inhabitants of Laurentum, the capital of King Latinus. 892: practically identical with iii. 459. 893-901. Aeneas returns to the upper world and rejoins his comrades. 893. fertur cornea: is said to be of horn. 895. candenti perfecta nitens elephanto: gleaming with the polish of dazzling ivory (C.); literally, wrought gleaming, etc. 896. falsa insomnia: i.e. deceptive visions of shades, not the shades themselves. sed mittunt Manes: i.e. by the ivory gate. 897. tum: going back to the thought of 890-892. his dictis: Ablative of Attendant Circumstance. 900. recto litore: straight along the shore; Ablative of the Way by Which. VOCABULARY. Regular verbs of the first conjugation are indicated by the numeral 1 following the present indicative. -Roots are in small capitals. away; tear, rend, cleave. abscondo, ere, condi and condidi, conditus, put away, conceal; lose sight of. ā, ab, prep. with abl., from, away | abscindō, ere, scidī, scissus, tear from; with passive verbs, by; of time, from, after, since. Before words beginning with a consonant, either a or ab may be used; before words beginning with a vowel or h, ab only is used. Abās, antis, m., name of 1) an abdō, dere, didi, ditus, [do, put], abeō, īre, ii, itūrus, go away, part, withdraw; deviate. abies, ietis, f., spruce, fir. ablātus, see aufero. absēns, sentis, [absum], absent; distant. absistō, ere, stitī, —, withdraw or depart from; cease, desist; forbear. abstineō, ēre, tinui, tentus, hold back; refrain. abstrūdō, ere, ūsi, ūsus, thrust away; hide. abstuli, see aufero. de-absum, abesse, abfui or āfuī, āfutūrus, be absent or away from; be distant; be wanting. absūmō, ere, sumpsi, sumptus, take away; consume, devour; destroy. abluō, ere, lui, lūtus, wash off; purify. abnegō, 1, deny, refuse. ac, see atque. Acamās, antis, m., one of the abnuō, ere, ui, [ab + nuo, nod], refuse (by nod); decline, reject. aboleō, ēre, ēvi, itus, efface, re-acanthus, ī, m., a plant, the acan move, destroy. abripiō, ere, uī, reptus, [ab + ra pio], snatch away; snatch, seize. abrumpō, ere, rūpī, ruptus, break off; break, rive; destroy; violate. thus or bear's-foot. Acarnān, ānis, of Acarnania (a country of Greece), Acarnanian. accēdō, ere, cessi, cessūrus, [ad + cedo], come or go to; draw near, approach. abruptum, i, [abrumpo], n., preci- accelerō, [ad + celerō], 1, hasten. accendo, ere, cendi, census, [ad, pice, abyss. |