seven and a half feet of water at common tides. Some attention is paid to the business of fishing. Of the fish taken, are shad, black fish and shell fish. White fish are also ta KILLINGWORTH is a maritime post township, situated upon Long Island sound, 38 miles southeast from Hartford, 26 east from New-Haven,and 26west from NewLondon; bounded on the north by Durham, on the northeast by Had-||ken very plentifully, for the purdam, on the east by Saybrook, on poses of manure. the south by Long Island sound, and on the west by Hammonassett| river, which separates it from Guilford. The township is of an oblong figure, comprising an area of about 42 square miles, being about 13 miles in length, from north to south, and having a mean breadth of more than 3 miles. There are eight small vessels belonging to the town, employed in the coasting trade. Wood and ship timber, of which the town affords large supplies, form a considerable item of exportation. They are sent principally to New-York. The wood is of an excellent quality, consisting mostly of walnut and rock oak. Killingworth, as an agricultural township, does not unite superior advantages, or possess very ample resources for agricultural improvements and wealth. Some sections, however, are feasible, fertile and The surface is various; the southern section of the township being level, the northern diversified with hill and dale, and it is rough and stony. Upon the border of the sound,there are large tracts of marine alluvial or salt marsh,compris-productive, and suitable for a grain ing, as has been estimated, 1000 culture; but many parts are rough and stony, and adapted only to grazing or the growth of timber. acres. The soil is also various. The northern section is a gravelly loam; in other sections there are some tracts of sandy loam, and some argillaceous, and the marine alluvial already noticed. The staple agricultural productions are Indian corn, some rye, oats, barley, the cultivation of which (although neglected in most other towns) forms a considerable interest, beef, butter and cheese. The manufactures of the town, the products of domestic industry, are not very important or considerable. There are 1 Woolen Fac Of the waters of the town, the Hammonassett river, which washes its western border, and the Me-exclusive of those which form nunketesuck, which runs through its eastern section, and discharges itself into Pochaug harbour, in Saybrook, are the most considera-tory, 3 Fulling Mills and Cloth ble streams. Besides these there are various small streams, which accommodate and fertilize the different parts of the town. Dressing establishments, 2 Carding Machines, 8 Grain Mills and 6 Tanneries. The civil divisions of the town consist of 2 located Congregation There is one harbour in the southern part of the town, tolera-al Societies and 15 School Districts. Besides the located, there bly safe and commodious; having rough and stony for tillage. There is considerable timber in the town, which is of an excellent quality. The agricultural interests and pursuits are principally directed to the dairy business, and the raising|| of cattle and sheep. The waters of the town are abundant; it being washed upon and there are about 300 Electors, 3 Companies of Militia, and about 390 Dwelling houses. This town is accommodated with a turnpike road to Colchester, and the contemplated turnpike from New-Haven to Norwich will pass through it. The civil divisions of East-Haddam are 3 located Congregational its western border by the Connecti-Societies and 19 School Districts. cut, throughout most of its extent, Besides the located, there is 1 Soand the residue by Salmon river.ciety of Episcopalians and 1-of There are also several small Baptists. streams which intersect and fertilize the different sections of the township, and afford numerous sites for hydraulic works. There are 8 or 10 Mercantile Stores and 3 Social Libraries in the town. The amount of taxable property and polls, in 1817, was $60,327. This town was originally a part of Haddam; and for an account of its first settlement, we must refer the reader to that town. It was incorporated as a separate town in 1734. Upon the Connecticut and Salmon rivers, there are several good harbours or landings, at which the commercial business is carried on, which consists principally in a trade with New-York and the southern States. Considerable quantities of wood are conveyed BIOGRAPHY. Gen. Joseph to the New-York market. The Spencer, of this town, enjoyed a landing places afford great facili- great share of public confidence in ties to the business of ship build-his day, and was honoured with ing, which at some periods has many distinguished offices, both received considerable attention. civil and military. During the The shad fisheries in the Con- French war, in 1758, he went innecticut constitute an important to the northern army, having the business, and are a source of con- || rank of a major, and was soon prosiderable profit. They are six in moted to a colonel, in which office number; and it has been estimat- he served the two succeeding ed that the average quantity of shad, years, and acquired considerable taken annually, is nearly 50,000. reputation. At the commenceThe manufacturing and mecha-ment of the revolutionary war, in nical interests of the town are re- 1775, he was appointed a Brigaspectable. There are 1 Cotton dier General, and, the subsequent Factory, 1 Woolen Factory, 3 Clo-year, a Major General in the Conthiers' works, 3 Carding Machines, 1 Oil Mill, 6 Grain Mills, 19 Saw Mills and 13 Tanneries. There were 2537 inhabitants in this town, at the census of 1810; tinental army. He resigned his commission in 1778, and the year after, was elected a member of the Continental Congress. He died in 1789, aged 75 years. seven and a half feet of water at common tides. KILLINGWORTH is a maritime post township, situated upon Long Island sound, 38 miles south- Some attention is paid to the east from Hartford, 26 east from business of fishing. Of the fish New-Haven,and 26west from New- taken, are shad, black fish and London; bounded on the north by shell fish. White fish are also taDurham, on the northeast by Had-ken very plentifully, for the purdam, on the east by Saybrook, on poses of manure. the south by Long Island sound, and on the west by Hammonassett|| river, which separates it from Guilford. The township is of an oblong figure, comprising an area of about 42 square miles, being about 13 miles in length, from north to south,|| and having a mean breadth of more than 3 miles. There are eight small vessels belonging to the town, employed in the coasting trade. Wood and ship timber, of which the town affords large supplies, form a considerable item of exportation. They are sent principally to New-York. The wood is of an excellent quality, consisting mostly of walnut and rock oak. Killingworth, as an agricultural township, does not unite superior advantages, or possess very ample resources for agricultural improvements and wealth. Some sections, however, are feasible, fertile and The surface is various; the southern section of the township being level, the northern diversified with hill and dale, and it is rough and stony. Upon the border of the sound, there are large tracts of marine alluvial or salt marsh,compris-productive, and suitable for a grain ing, as has been estimated, 1000 culture; but many parts are rough and stony, and adapted only to grazing or the growth of timber. acres. The soil is also various. The northern section is a gravelly loam; in other sections there are some tracts of sandy loam, and some argillaceous, and the marine alluvial already noticed. The staple agricultural productions are Indian corn, some rye, oats, barley, the cultivation of which (although neglected in most other towns) forms a considerable interest, beef, butter and cheese. The manufactures of the town, Of the waters of the town, the Hammonassett river, which washes its western border, and the Me-exclusive of those which form nunketesuck, which runs through its eastern section, and discharges itself into Pochaug harbour, in Saybrook, are the most considerable streams. Besides these there are various small streams, which accommodate and fertilize the different parts of the town. the products of domestic industry, are not very important or considerable. There are 1 Woolen Factory, 3 Fulling Mills and Cloth Dressing establishments, 2 Carding Machines, 8 Grain Mills and 6 Tanneries. The civil divisions of the town There is one harbour in the consist of 2 located Congregationsouthern part of the town, tolera-al Societies and 15 School Disbly safe and commodious; havingtricts. Besides the located, there This township was called by the Indians Hammonassett, and was settled in 1663, by 12 families from Hartford, Windsor and Guilford. are 2 Societies of Episcopalians || cial Library, 9 Mercantile Stores The population of the town, in 1810, was 2244; and there are about 400 Electors, 3 Companies of Militia, and about 320 Dwelling houses. The township was incorporated in 1703, by the name of Killingworth, although it was intended to have had the English name of Kennelworth, a mistake having been made in the record. BIOGRAPHY. The Rev. Jared Elliott, D. D., was for many years a resident of this town. He was a man of genius and science ; and invented or discovered the art of making sand-iron, being iron manufactured from black sand. This discovery was perfected in There are in Killingworth, 151761; and he died in 1769, aged primary Schools, 1 Academy, 378 years. He was a member of Houses for public worship, 1 So- || the Royal Society of London. The aggregate list of the town, in 1816, was $52,751. SAYBROOK. The general character of this township is rough, and considerably broken, being hilly and stony; but there are some intervals, and other sections that are level. Its SAYBROOK is an extensive maritime post township, situated at the mouth of Connecticut river, upon Long Island sound, 40 miles southeast of Hartford, 18 west of New-London, 34 east of New-geological features are primitive; Haven, and 70 southwest of Provi-the prevailing strata of rocks condence; bounded easterly upon sisting of granite and micaceous Connecticut river, southerly upon schistus. Within these strata, Long Island sound, westerly by there are, at different places, seveKillingworth, and northerly by the ral valuable quarries of stone. town of Haddam. The mean The prevailing soil, which is a gravlength of the township, from northelly loam, is considerably fertile ; to south, is about 11 miles, and its average breadth, from east to west, is more than 6 miles, comprising an area of about 70 square miles. it produces corn, some rye, oats, are well adapted to grazing, and years past, and the price has prothe dairy business is considerably portionally advanced. Formerly, attended to. they were put up, or salted in This township is very advanta-barrels, without reference to the geously located, with respect to weight; but some years since, an waters; being washed by Long act was passed by the Assembly, Island sound upon its southern regulating the packing or salting border, which is indented with nu- of shad, which requires, that each merous inlets, and by Connecticut barrel shall contain 200lbs. and be river upon its eastern border, a inspected, &c. These regulations distance of nearly 14 miles; be-have improved the quality of the sides which, there are several small shad, which are exported from streams that intersect the town. Connecticut river, and given them Of these, the most considerable a reputation surpassing that of any are Chester river, which runs other, and a consequent higher through the north Society; Pet-price in market. tipaug river, which discharges it- Salmon, which were formerly self into the Connecticut; Oys-taken very plentifully in this river, ter river, which discharges its wa-have, for some years past, wholly ters into Long Island sound, and disappeared. Some herring are the Pochaug river, which waters taken in this town, which are saltthe western section of the township.ed, and fitted for the West India There are several harbours White fish are taken upon Connecticut river. The depth of water at the bar is about 12 feet at spring tides. There is a light-house at Lynde Point. up market. on the shores of the sound, which are very valuable for the purposes of manure. They are sold for this object at $2 per thousand; at The navigation business of the which price they are a cheap matown is considerable; there being nure, their richness and efficacy 30 vessels of every description being truly astonishing. The lightowned here, which are employed est soils, enriched with them, have in the coasting trade. Ship buil-produced 40 bushels of rye to the ding also receives considerable at-acre ; and they have an equally adtention, particularly at the village vantageous effect upon the growth of Pettipaug. of corn, potatoes and other pro The shad fisheries in Connecti-ductions. cut river, within this town, are very valuable, a source of great wealth, and afford employment for considerable industry. The shad taken in this town are at least equal in quality to those taken at any other place upon the river, and are not surpassed by any in America. The quantities of shad taken in Connecticut river have considerably decreased, for some The interests of agriculture, navigation, fishing and commerce,engross most of the capital, industry and enterprise of the town; and its manufactures,exclusive of those of a domestic character, can claim only a very subordinate rank. There is 1 Ivory Comb Factory, upon a very extensive scale. Large quantities of ivory button moulds are also manufactured at this es |