the men of the present generation who can trace their astronomical lineage directly or indirectly to Watson are several directors of observatories, namely, Snyder of the Philadelphia Observatory, Doolittle of the Flower Observatory, Comstock of the Washburn Observatory, Campbell of the Lick Observatory, and Hussey of the Detroit Observatory of this University. Many others of Watson's pupils have won distinction in astronomical theory or its practical applications, especially in the government surveys. Among others in this line of work, if I were to go through the list, I might dare to include myself, if I had not recently degenerated from this high science to become a mere man of affairs.

These are typical of the instructors we had in the good old days of forty years ago, and it is no exaggeration to say that there has been a long line of such men in this University, and that they have made the University what it is.

Some of us are old enough, also, to remember the wonderful material and intellectual progress made during the last forty years, since the graduation of the class of 1872, and how favorable have been the circumstances for the great development of this University, taking part as it has in the progress of the last half of the nineteenth century. It has been asserted that greater progress was made in that century by our race than in all previous history. But the greatest of all the influences behind the University is to be found in the great men among its Faculties. Judging, then, from the progress of the past, I think we may predict with great confidence that the State and the

Regents and all favorable influences will continue to stand behind the University, and that our Alma Mater will go forward to still greater achievements in the future.

PRESIDENT HUTCHINS

It gives me pleasure to present as the next speaker the distinguished head of a sister institution of learning, Dr. Ethelbert Dudley Warfield, the President of Lafayette College.

PRESIDENT ETHELBERT DUDLEY WARFIELD, LL.D. MR. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: One must needs feel himself at a great disadvantage this afternoon who does not speak as a graduate or former professor of the University of Michigan. I have greatly enjoyed the fellowship of this notable occasion, and have been profoundly impressed with the genius of the place as it has been unfolded. Though I have no title to any part in the fruitful past which has been so vividly recalled, and am only a looker-on in the University to-day, I have felt—I feel now-no stranger in your midst. Though in every respect representative of other institutions, I have the keenest appreciation of the unity of purpose and of feeling which binds American universities together. I like to recall that Lafayette College was founded by Scotch-Irish Presbyterians in a Pennsylvania German community and named for a Roman Catholic Frenchman. I may perhaps be pardoned on so informal an occasion as this if I make a more personal reference, and say that I by inheritance share in a peculiar degree that

pioneer character which is one of the chief marks and highest glories of your University. I am descended from a man who was called from the class-room of old William and Mary to a seat in the Virginia legislature at the crisis of the Revolution. He later on went to Kentucky, became a trustee of Transylvania Academy, which on January 1, 1800, became Transylvania University, one of the first of that noble company which have brought the gathered knowledge of all the ages to the service of the New West.

You have heard of the man who had large possessions in heaven-but all in the name of his wife. So when I turn to New England is it with me. But I am glad that my children claim descent from two men who in the old colony days subscribed, the one ten bushels of "Indian corn" and the other three, "to build the new brick college at Cambridge.”

It is a satisfaction to me to feel that in the household of the president of a Pennsylvania college so many strains meet together, and that each with the spirit of the pioneer brings a faith in the power of intellectual and moral culture to elevate society and energize man. Most of all I rejoice to recall that the sacrifices made by those far-seeing patriots were not in vain. The gifts for the building of the new brick college at Cambridge were as much "seed-corn" as any planted in the fields of the old Bay State, and the fruitage has been surer, fuller, and more precious to the people. All of the men who opened up the way sowed in faith, and faith as well as wisdom is justified of her children.

The founders were apostles of liberty, and they

had set their trust in the belief that it is truth that makes us free. The liberty which they loved was inseparable from law, from order, from morals, and from religion. They delighted to trace its sources to many springs, and they trusted that its combined flood flowed on to a very wide ocean.

I count myself happy on this occasion not only to be the guest of the University, but within the precincts of one who so fully represents the warmth and the beauty, the fascination and the power, of those elements of learning which belong to classic antiquity. Himself a freeman of those mighty states which shaped the laws of thought and conduct for us, Professor D'Ooge has made generation after generation of Michigan boys and girls feel the life that throbs to-day in the institutions and the principles of a world that is as much descended from Greece and Rome as we are from English and German forbears. The winds that moved the waters of the Ægean still stir old memories for us, quite as much as those that rustled amid the reeds of Runnymede, the primeval pines of Plymouth, or the oaks of our western forests.

This pride of ancestry may lay us open to the suspicion of being aristocrats a fearsome thing in view of all we hear to-day. I love the name of democrat, but I confess I praise the vocation of the aristocrat. In this as in all else we need to distinguish the good and the bad-even as with "Trusts." Not all democrats are equally admirable, nor yet all aristocrats enemies of the Republic. Our colleges certainly have aristocratic leanings. See how the boys and girls come flocking in, not that they may be brought to a com

mon level, not that they may swell a numerical majority,-and yet if the University of Michigan continues to grow at the present pace, it will not be long before the one fixed majority in the State will be one of Michigan graduates. Go to the football field; see how earnestly the players contend for the "M,” the coveted symbol-not of democracy, but of aristocracy. Come to the class-room, and mark the men who are sought out all the world over to train and teach the youth of to-day for the services of to-morrow. Are they chosen as representatives of the long levels of life and learning, or of the soaring heights of knowledge or wisdom? Who are the men whom a great nation still delights to hail as its representatives? Are they types of its majorities, or the happy exceptions from the limitations that press upon the masses of men? Are they not, one and all, the men who by the grace of character, of industry,of achievement; by the consummate, synthetic grace of graces, the grace of God, are the aristocracy-"the best men"? He is in my judgment the best democrat who sees clearly that the best fruit of democracy is a true aristocracy—an aristocracy not of ancestry, nor of privilege, nor of office, nor of wealth, but an aristocracy of character, of service, and of knowledge. Surely the glory of democracy is that it offers every incentive to each individual to become wiser, better, and more serviceable to self, society, and the state.

I should like to picture Democracy, unlike the old ideal of Justice with the bandaged eyes, as wide-eyed, with searching gaze, fearlessly facing every problem of life, social and scientific. Yet though I should wish