we hear of the slightest irregularity having taken place amongst them during the whole day.

A letter was addressed by Mr. J. L. Shadwell, the Provincial Corresponding Secretary, to his worship the Mayor, previous to the day of procession, explaining the nature and objects of the Association of Odd Fellows; in answer to which the Mayor stated that he admired the objects of the Institution, and that he would, if it were required, afford them the protection of the police during the procession. The deputation assured his worship that they needed no protection, as the Örder was composed of individuals of all shades of religion and politics, united in one bond of peace and goodwill.

We are informed that, in addition to the 1850 Lodges of the Order in Great Britain, it has branches in France, Germany, Austria, Russia, Prussia, Poland, and that there are more than 1200 Lodges in the United States, with an annual revenue of £18,000. As an instance of the munificence of the Order in England, we may mention that it has lately presented nearly five hundred pounds to the Deaf and Dumb Institution of Manchester. The symbols of Odd Fellowship are unintelligible to strangers, but to fully initiated brethren they point out their moral duties and obligations, and no obligation is demanded from any one that would in the slightest degree interfere with his duties to God, to his country, or to his family; for Odd Fellows are bound to conform cheerfully to the government under which they live, to pay due deference to superiors, from inferiors to receive honour with reluctance, rather than extort it, and they must be men of benevolence and charity.

At the termination of the general procession, the members returned to their respective Lodges to dine, and it affords us pleasure to state that every thing was conducted with the decorum becoming so well-conducted, respectable, and useful an

association.

[In giving insertion to the foregoing extracts, (which we have abridged from the Hull Rockingham and the Liverpool Mail,) our readers will perceive that we have departed from our usual custom of not publishing accounts of Anniversaries, &c.; but the importance of these under notice, and the beneficial results arising from the publicity thus given to our Institution in those important Sea Ports and elsewhere, must be our apology; the Liverpool District Committee, held since the procession, having applied for not less than sixteen Dispensations for new Lodges at one meeting! which have been granted by the Board of Directors. Hull is likewise fast increasing in numbers. Comment is useless; the facts speak for themselves.-Mag. Com.]

ON SMOKING.

We were going to say, some men, but we will go farther, and say, all men carry their wallet; their own faults are kept in the end, snug enough behind their back, and suffered to accumulate without interruption, while those of other people are seduously kept in the end in front, into which we are apt to look rather too often.

Now we have often admired our general laws, and more especially those pure and moral maxims contained in our lectures, and are convinced that they contain precepts and examples amply sufficient to regulate the conduct of every brother in the Order, if strictly adhered to,-they forbid the use of all immoral language,-our ears are not profaned by brothers swearing in open Lodge, our laws forbid the practice of any indecent song, toast, or sentiment, and very proper too,-but God forbid, that they should ever curtail that social intercourse which exists, should exist, and we trust ever will exist amongst us. It is true we have noticed many able correspondents to the Magazine, and it is with regret that we have done so, advocating and advising alterations and changes in our Order, which, if carried into execution, would degrade us to the level of a set of mad enthusiasts, or gloomy misanthropes. One brother would have us leave of meeting in public-houses altogether, and, perhaps, this might be advisable,-another would allow us to meet in public, but not to drink during Lodgehours, others would have us become tee-totallers at once,-while some would have us all philosophers and astronomers; and again, others would do away with all social intercourse, and teach us the use of the globes in its stead, and we have often heard our old friend, Babalist Grimes, assure us with a most melancholy aspect, that there never

should be another song heard in the Lodge, if he could have his way. But what has alarmed us more than all these things, a worthy Correspondent in the Magazine, has hit us upon a tremendous sore place, and we can bear it no longer. Can it be possible? -will it be credited?-Hear it, ye lovers of the social pipe,-tremble, ye worshippers of the Indian weed !-it is actually advised and proposed to do away with smoking during Lodge-hours! Monstrous! as my friend Mustapha would exclaim,-and why? Why! because "ALPHA" does not like to see the N. G. enveloped in a cloud of smoke, says it detracts from the solemnity and respectability of the Lodge! Was ever anything heard before like this? Why, man, in Holland they smoke at church!! and we are not aware that it lessons the respectability of the congregation, or the devotion of the ceremony. Perhaps, if in France, this gentleman would object to taking snuff; yet he admits, after giving a most elaborate and alarming description of its intoxicating qualities, that it produces a peculiar hilarity of feeling,-exerts its soothing influence on the mental faculties and calms the mind: and we can add, (from a twenty-five years experience,) makes a man what he ought to be in the Lodge, namely, pleased with himself and determined to please others. Again, he admits Sir Isaac Newton to have been an inveterate smoker, but talents like his, he says, would shine through any cloud; we will assert, however, without much fear of contradiction, that not only Newton, but some of the greatest men of this age, or any other, have been smokers ;-of course, we include ourselves!! And lastly, Sir Walter Raleigh, of whom it has been justly said, that he was one of the very chief glories of an age crowded with towering spirits, and one of whom the Prince of Wales remarked, "that none but his father would keep such a bird in such a cage ;" but it will be remembered that JAMES was no smoker,-nay, he even went so far as to write a very violent, and, in my opinion, a very foolish book against the filthy practice, as he stiles smoking; in which book he says, "it is a lively image and pattern of hell;" and further observes, "it is like hell in the very substance of it,-for it is a stinking, loathsome thing, and so is hell;" and moreover, his Majesty declares," that, were he to invite the devil to a dinner, he should have three dishes, namely, a pig, a poll of ling and mustard, and a pipe of tobacco for digestion." Did his Majesty mean a roasting pig, for if he did, notwithstandig the Jewish prohibition, we should have had little objection to dine with him of such a bill of fare; and we assure our readers that we should make a most delectable dinner, either with Majesty or any one else upon such a treat.

But we will leave kings and bigots to their own repose, and most earnestly advise and recommend "Alpha" to try a pipe himself the next Lodge he attends, and we do assure him, from personal experience, that he will never (we will stake our best wig upon it) undergo one quarter of the evils which he apprehends. No! brothers, give up drinking, if you please,—become tee-totallers at once,-have your meetings at temperance hotels,-or, like the anti-temperance women in America, sew up your mouths, and suck coffee through a quill!-but never, never give up the social pipe!

Thank God, there are some happy moments in this lone and desolate world of ours, that will repay the toil of struggling through it, and atone for many a long sad night and weary day; they come upon the mind like some wild air of distant music, when we know not where or whence the sounds are brought from,-though brief, is boundless, that far future home, oft dreamed of, sparkles near its rose-wreathed bower, and cloudless skies before us, we become changed on the instant,-all gold leaf and gilding,—this is in vulgar phrase called castle building: but these, like sunset clouds, fade soon-it is vain to bid them linger long, or to ask on what day they intend to call again,—and, surely, it were a philosophic task, worthy a Manuel in his hours of leisure, to find some means to summons them at pleasure. There certainly is a way of doing this, in some degree at least,-for instance, drinking. Champaign will bathe the heart awhile in bliss, and keep the head a little time from thinking of cares or creditors. But if you were but bachelors like we, and scorned all chains, even though made of roses, we would recommend a pipe,-there is a free and happy spirit that, unseen, reposes on the dim shadowy clouds that hover o'er you, when smoking quietly with a good warm fire before you. Dear to the exile is his native land,

in memory's twilight-beauty seen afar,—dear to the broker is a note of hand collaterally secured, the polar star is dear at midnight to the sailor's eyes,-but dearer far, to me, each fairy minute, spent in that fond forgetfulness of grief; there is an airy web of magic in it, as in Othello's pocket-handkerchief, veiling the wrinkles on the brow of sorrow, the gathering gloom to-day, the thunder cloud to-morrow.

VESTA.

In accordance with my original plan, I will endeavour to make some practical illustrations of Phrenology; but in doing so, I must first observe, that it would be both useless and inexpedient to devote a portion of our time to the studying any branch of science, unless it could be reduced to practice, and for the benefit of mankind generally. There is an internal sensation of satisfaction felt by an individual, when he has discovered by his own perseverance, a knowledge of some abstruse theory which may have engrossed the attention of the scientific world, perhaps for centuries,—but how much more satisfaction must he feel when he is aware that this discovery will have a tendency to enlighten the mind of his fellow-man, and extend his ideas, in illustrating principles by which he may conduct his after-life, so as to render him an amiable and agreeable member of society. This is the advantage of Phrenology. It is not in having a knowledge of its theory that pleasure is felt, but in its application to society at large, which is a great argument in its favour, because, by a knowledge of the fundamental principles of Phrenology, man may, in a great measure, alter the character from its apparent formation; for, should a child at birth have an extraordinary developement of the animal propensities, they may, in a great measure, be subdued, when the moral sentiments and intellectual faculties, being properly directed by the parent's scientific knowledge, would preponderate and counteract the impulse of the propensities. But unless the theory be well understood, this would be no easy matter; such a formation, through the want of a knowledge of the principles embodied in this science, would be classified among the inscrutable workings of Divine Providence, and the parent, after he found all his exertions prove unavailing, might be induced to say," Well, if it is the Lord's will that this child be sent as a scourge to me, His will be done."

One great source of unhappiness among mankind arises from persons uniting, whose tempers, talents, and dispositions do not harmonize. If we imagine an individual with a large developement of the moral sentiments and intellectual faculties, who is passionately attached to a female, she having the animal propensities prepondering over the superior faculties, and they were to be united for life, their happiness would be eventually destroyed, and the effects would be most disastrous to their offspring; they might for a short time live apparently comfortable, while they were gratifying their animal feelings, but as soon as their ardour had subsided, then the seeds of discord would be sown, their actions would in a great many instances be quite opposite to each other, their modes of feeling and thinking would present to them so great a contrariety that such a discord would be created as to make them all the rest of their lifetime most miserable. "What," says Dr. Johnson, "can be expected but disappointment and repentance from a choice made in the immaturity of youth, in the ardour of desire without judgment, without foresight, without inquiry after the conformity of opinion, similarity of manners, rectitude of judgment, or opinion of sentiment. Such is the common process of marriage: a youth and maiden meet by chance, or brought together by artifice,-exchange glances, reciprocate civilities, go home and dream of one another, having little to divert their attention, or diversify thought,-they find themselves uneasy when they are apart, and therefore conclude that they shall be happy together; they marry, and discover what nothing but voluntary blindness before had concealed, they wear life out in altercations, and charge nature with cruelty." Here upon this principle we are left entirely to our own observation, or the sincerity of friends in giving us their "best counsel and advice;" but in cases where attachment is very strong, any objectiou that can be brought against the object of our affection is despised and rejected. But by the aid of Phrenology, we have a natural index of the mental qualities, wherein we may put confidence whereby to regulate our proceedings in the choice of partners either in life or business; in this matter the greatest caution is necessary, and when we have come to a decision under the old system, there is still some doubts upon our mind; whereas, being guided by the new philosophy, we have rules laid down by which we can decide at once: for instance, if an individual was to be selected who was deficient in the organ of Conscientiousness, and appointed to a situation where he would have to report proceedings, where veracity was required, he would have a natural blindness to truth, and would not be the least scrupulous in stating the most audacious falsehoods; if a merchant was to appoint a confidential clerk in whom this organ was deficient, and in whom the animal feelings acted powerfully, whenever he found a convenient opportunity, he would not be the least scrupulous at the embezzlement of his master's property. A mercantile house in London was ruined and became bankrupt by a clerk having embezzled the funds to a great extent, and then absconded

to America; a company in Paisley was ruined by one of the partners having collected the funds and eloped with them to the United States: and in the post office establlshment we hear of depredations being committed frequently, in spite of the exertions used by that establishment to select persons of good character. Now, if we can put any confidence in our brain being the organ through and by which the mind manifests itself, we must naturally infer that the actual conduct of an individual is regulated by his developement, and that by attending to the formation of the brain, we might, to a great extent, obviate the numerous evils arising from a misapplication of individuals to situations which naturally they are not qualified to hold. Mr. Combe, of Edinburgh, in his System of Phrenology, gives an instance where he refused to hire a boy as a servant, though he was highly recommended to him by a woman whose good conduct and discrimination he had long known, for upon examination he found that the boy's head belonged to the inferior class. She was at first greatly incensed at the refusal, but returned within a month, and said she had been greatly imposed upon herself by a neighbour whose son this boy was; for she had since learned that he was a thief, and had been dismissed from his previous service for stealing. In another instance he hired a female servant because her head belonged to the superior class, although a former mistress gave her an indifferent character; the result was equally in favour of Phrenology, she turned out an excellent servant, and retained her situation for several years, until she was respectably married.—(To be continued.)

Birmingham Pride Lodge, Aug. 1839.

J. I.

CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD.

THE heart, by the contraction of which the blood is circulated, has arising out of it two great blood vessels, whose branches extend to all parts of the body, accompanying each other throughout; the one is the great artery, the aorta,-and the other the great vein, or vena cava. The heart has always two other great vessels arising from its other side, one called the great artery of the lungs, or pulmonary artery; the other the great vein of the lungs, or pulmonary vein. Let us, therefore, keep in view that the heart has four large trunks communicating with it, and that at the junction of each with the heart, there are placed valves, most beautifully perfect, which act in such a manner as to admit the tide of blood through its own proper channel, in passing and re-passing the heart and lungs, and immediately to fly up and prevent its improper return; like floodgates, arteries are always accompanied by veins, closely connected together,-the arteries carrying the blood from the heart, the veins carrying it back to it. An artery is elastic, and can contract and dilate,-a vein is an inactive flaccid tube; an artery has no valve in its whole course to the extremities of the body,-a vein has valves placed at very short distances; these valves are to support the upper column of blood as it ascends from below back to the heart, flying up and acting as a floor to that portion of blood which is above it, and between the next valve and itself. Thus every motion of our limbs moves the blood in the veins, and that motion can be no other than upwards, on account of those valves; while the motion of the blood in the arteries is directly from the contraction of the heart, and it has a free current to the extreme parts of the body. With this general view in mind, let us proceed to describe the circulation.

The blood is sent out at one gush or pulsation, throughout the whole body, into the most minute branches of the arteries; those arteries make a turn, and, losing their elasticity, become veins, which grow in large proportion as they go towards the heart, and lie exactly in the course of their corresponding arteries. Into these veins the blood is therefore forced, after having supplied the various secretions of the body; this blood is thus brought back by the great vein, or vena cava, and at its junction with the left jugular and subelavian vein; it receives, by a litttle tube, the white chyle, or essence of the food, brought by that tube from the stomach. The blood is then unfit for the arteries, and therefore is carried into one little cavity of the heart, and at one pulsation is driven by the pulmonary artery into the lungs, where, coming in contact with th air through their membranes, it absorbs oxygen from the air breathed, which changee its color from dark to bright red; the blood thus prepared for supporting life, is taken