at land of glorious men, or math, Philosophy her fane ;I red, the beautiful of lakes, cess of the persecuted Greeks ;Dating love, on wise Geneva's sod, messing, then the Alpine summits trod ;to Italy's Elysian plains I sped,

y in gladness round me spread;

d in poetry, her gardens, and her groves, but tardily, and timorously moves;— but oh! what brought to others sweet relief, ying sighs, and wakened deepest grief.

wandering steps, I tracked the sea's resounding

on, save the grief I ever with me bore,

w the gallant ships, that proudly stemmed the sea, ve, who sail therein,' cried I, 'thrice happy ye! s of Ocean, will ye bear me, with your snowy wings, a wide her arms of welcome Hydra's haven flings!'

itude of clouds, that first the heavens with beauty spread, wing vapors swelled, a long and drenching torrent shed; a the clouds had rolled away, and the tempest's rage was

ale friend, slow paced along fair Arno's shore;

wsaw, 'mid many shrubs, an undistinguished throng,

ora, of hugest trunk, on the current drift along.

to my friend, I said, 'Behold that lordly stem

tood by whirling waves, the plaything of the stream!
accous verdant boughs, with leafy honors crowned,
the springing grass refreshing coolness found;
od buds among its spreading branches sang,
The depherd's pipe, in tuneful murmurs, rang;
Wasting wrath, the noble tree ha**
wave given it, of all its glories shor

In the preface to the work before us, there is a hint that Rizo is now engaged in preparing a history of the Greek Revolution. We hope his new public duties will not defeat nor retard this undertaking. Few men are better informed on this interesting subject, or better qualified to do it justice.

ART. IV.—1. Analysis of the Egyptian Mythology; to which
is subjoined a Critical Examination of the Remains of
Egyptian Chronology. By J. C. PRICHARD, M. D.
, London, 1819.

2. Aperçu des Résultats Historiques de la Découverte de
l'Alphabet Hieroglyphique Egyptien, par M. CHAMPOL-
LION Jeune. Paris, 1827.

3. Den Gamle Egyptiske Tidsregning, efter Kilderne paa ny bearbejdet, af R. RASK, &c. Copenhagen, 1827.

THE new light thrown upon the antiquities of Egypt by the hieroglyphic discoveries of Champollion and others has revived the interest of scholars in the history of that wonderful land, where the arts of civilized life, and, above all, the most important of them the gift of letters, were cultivated, whilst Greece and Italy were still covered with forests and filled with wild These countries were unquestionbeasts and savage hordes. ably indebted to the Egyptians for the elements of their religion and philosophy, however these may have been modified by the peculiar national genius of the Greeks. Still the extravagant claims to antiquity supposed to be set up by the Egyptian priests, and the apparent confusion in the fragmentary history which is all that is left of their early annals previous to the Persian conquest, brought the whole into doubt and discredit with other ancient nations, and have justly excited the Herodotus, who travelled into suspicion of modern critics. Egypt during the reign of Artaxerxes the First, the third in descent from Cambyses, about sixty-five years after the conquest, has furnished us with an authentic list of the native kings of Egypt and a connected chronology before the conquest and up to the reign of Psammeticus the First, from whose time the All Greeks had a constant and active intercourse with Egypt. chronologists agree that the conquest was in 525 B. C. then is a fixed point of departure, from which we ascend the

This

stream of time, and from which Herodotus has set down the succession of kings with an exact computation of years back to the reign of Psammeticus, 670 or 671 B. C. Beyond this there is a long tract of ages filled by the national annalists with successive dynasties until we arrive at a very remote period, when the whole or a part of Egypt was conquered by an invasion of Nomadic hordes from Asia, who were called, or whose kings were called the Hycksos. The national tradition represents the country to have been ruled by the Shepherd kings for five centuries until they were expelled by the native Pharaohs of the Diospolite dynasty; and as all the existing monuments and records are said to have been destroyed by these barbarians during their long sway, and the devastating wars which accompanied their establishment and expulsion, all inquiry beyond this period would seem to be hopeless. But the dynasty immediately succeeding the Shepherd kings is reckoned the eighteenth by Manetho, and other national authorities; two or three dynasties are assigned by him to the Shepherd kings; and thus we have left at least fifteen dynasties of princes, who reigned before the period of authentic history commences, and whose existence, if admitted, with the computation of years assigned to them, carries the Egyptian annals back to a period far beyond what the Mosaic chronology has assigned for the renovation of the world after the deluge.

The writer or compiler of the book of Genesis may be considered as an authority, and the earliest foreign authority, for the ancient history of Egypt. The author of that book must have used, for its historical portions, such traditions and documents as were extant in his time respecting the genealogies and family histories of the various tribes of mankind. The labors of Eichhorn and other biblical critics have been directed to analyze and distinguish the different original documents handed down by the patriarchs, and used by Moses in the composition of the Pentateuch; but this analysis has not in the least tended to diminish the credibility of these books as histories of the earliest transactions of mankind, and still less to shake our confidence in such parts of them as ought to be considered as inspired and intended for our religious instruction.

Herodotus, although certainly not free from the credulity, superstition, and other weaknesses of his age and nation, is entirely trustworthy in everything which depended upon his own personal observation, and in the fidelity with which he tells us

an immense army, with which he marched by the main land into Asia, subjugating all in his way, and even advancing from Asia into Europe, where he vanquished the Scythians and Thracians. On his return he left a colony of stragglers on the banks of the Phasis, and the people of Colchis must be Egyptians, says Herodotus, because they have a black skin, curled hair, (μελάγχροές εἰσι καὶ οὐλοτριχες,) practice the rite of circumcision, &c. Sesostris left everywhere remarkable monuments of his victories, some of which the historian had seen in Syria. Escaping from an ambuscade which had been laid for him by his brother on his return to Egypt, this great conqueror employed his numerous captives in constructing immense works for the improvement and embellishment of the country, erecting dykes and cutting canals, &c. To Sesostris succeeded his son Pheron, and after him a citizen of Memphis, whom the Greeks call Proteus in their language, who entertained Menelaus after the Trojan war.' Then followed Rhampsinit, celebrated for his prodigious wealth, and Cheops, who tasked his people to build the great pyramid of Djizé. He reigned fifty years; and after him succeeded his brother Cephrenes, who reigned fifty-six years, and next Mycerinus, the son of Cheops and Asychis. All these princes built pyramids and other monumental works. Anysis succeeded them, and in his reign Egypt was invaded and subdued by the Ethiopian Sabaco, who was master of the country for fifty years, Anysis having fled into the marshes of Lower Egypt, from which he ultimately returned and recovered his crown. He was followed by Sethon, a priest of Vulcan or Ptha, of whom Herodotus tells a marvellous story, which, as we shall hereafter see, probably relates to the defeat of Sennacherib, the Assyrian king, on the frontiers of Egypt by Tarakos or Tirhakah, the last prince of the twenty-fifth dynasty (of Ethiopians) with whom Sethon was probably co-regent. Herodotus here enters the domain of accurate history, and he says; 'Now I am about to relate what came to pass in Egypt according to the unanimous accounts of the Egyptians and other nations, and I will subjoin those things of which I have been an eye-witness.' He then goes on to relate the period of anarchy which followed the reign of Sethon, when the land was divided among twelve petty kings, who were finally supplanted by Psammeticus.

Diodorus Siculus appears to have copied the imperfect list given by him of the regal successions of Egypt partly from Herodotus and partly from native chronicles.