with additions, he republished in 1834, under the title of Tales and Sketches. Many of the characters and incidents in these are historical, being founded on traditions respecting the revolutionary or colonial history of the United States.

In 1832, he published his Letters on Masonry and Anti-Masonry; then followed Mathias and his Impostures, a curious picture of an instance of gross but remarkable religious delusions, which occurred in the state of New York; and in 1836, a volume entitled Ups and Downs in the Life of a Gentleman, intended as a satire on the follies of the day, although the main facts stated actually occurred in the life of an individual well known to the author.

It has been stated that the parents of Mr. Stone, during his early childhood, removed to western New York. This section of country was at that time in fact, though not in name, an Indian Mission Station-so that in his very boyhood their son became well acquainted with the Indians of our forests, and his kindness of manner and offhand generosity won his way to their favor. To this it may be owing, that at an early period of his life he formed the purpose of gathering up and preserving what remained concerning the traits and character of the "Red Men" of America, intending to connect with an account of these, an authentic history of the life and times of the prominent individuals who figured immediately before the Revolution, more especially of Sir William Johnson.

The amount of labor thus bestowed, and the success with which he found his way to dusty MSS. or gained knowledge of the invaluable contents of old chests and rickety trunks stowed away as lumber in garrets, and almost forgotten by their owners, was remarkable. Still more noteworthy was the happy facility with which he would gain access to the hearts of hoary-headed and tottering old men, and bring them to live over again their early days of trial and hardships -gleaning quickly and pleasantly, desirable information from those who alone could communicate what he wished to hear. The result was an amount and variety of material which could scarcely be estimated, for he had the habit of systematizing the retentiveness of a powerful memory by a time-saving process entirely his own, and the very arrangement of his MSS. and books assisted this process, so that his library served him a double purpose.

In the course of these investigations he obtained an intimate acquaintance with the early annals of the country, and became a repository of facts in American and Revolutionary history.

His predilections in this particular department were doubtless cultivated by his father, who when a mere boy left college hall and classics to shoulder his musket, and fight the battles of his country.

While following out his main design, the materials collected enabled him to give to the public several works on the general subject with which they were connected. These were the Memoirs of Joseph Brant, in 1838; a Memoir of Red Jacket, in 1841; the Life of Uncas, and the History of Wyoming. He had completed the collection and arrangement of the materials for his more extended work, the history of Sir Wil

liam Johnson, was ready to devote himself to its execution, and had already advanced to three hundred and fifty pages and upwards, when he was called to give up his earthly labor.

When it is remembered that the investigations just referred to, and the volumes which resulted, were accomplished at the same time with the editorship of a leading daily paper in our commercial metropolis, and that he acted up to his own exalted views of the power, influence, and responsibility of the press, as an organ of good or evil, it may be safely asserted that his industry was untiring.

The character of Mr. Stone could not be fully presented without mentioning his sympathy with those who were struggling in life, and how readily a word of kindness was written or spoken, or his purse opened for their assistance. The ingenuousness, transparency, and freshness of character, which he always retained, often shone forth with great beauty amid scenes and in circumstances little likely to elicit them.

The

From his early youth Mr. Stone's motives of action were elevated. He was a firm, decided, and consistent Christian. The religious enterprises and benevolent associations of the day commanded his earnest efforts in their behalf. Colonization Society, from first to last, found in him a steadfast supporter. The cause of Education lay near his heart, and to it he gave his energies, and spared not even his decaying strength.

HENRY ROWE SCHOOLCRAFT

Is the descendant of a family identified with the early border life of America. His first ancestor in the country, James Calcraft, for so the name was written then, came from England fresh from the campaigns of Marlborough. He settled in Albany County, New York; was a land surveyor and schoolmaster, which latter vocation led to the popular change of his name. He died at the age of one-hundred-and-two in the Otter Creek region, in the present state of Vermont. His children were variously distributed in Canada, on the Susquehannah, and in the state of New York. One of them, John, was a soldier under the command of Sir William Johnson. His son Lawrence was in Fort Stanwix during the siege, and was the first volunteer to go forth to the relief of the brave Herkimer. He served through both wars with England, and died in 1840 at the age of eightyfour, with a high reputation for worth and integrity. His son, Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, was born in Albany county, 28th March, 1793. He received there, in the town of Guilderland, a good education from the schoolmasters of the region, but appears mainly to have instructed himself, his tastes leading him in his youth to a knowledge of poetry and languages, with which he connected the study of mineralogy. At fifteen he began writing for the newspapers. His first work was a treatise on Vitreology, published in Utica in 1817, a subject to which he was led by his father's superintendence of the glass manufacture. The next year he travelled to the Mississippi and made a mineralogical survey of the Lead Mines of Missouri, of which he published a report in 1819. His narrative or journal of this tour, published in 1820 in Van Winkle's Belles Lettres Repository

Henry It Schoolcraft. R

at New York, is marked by a vein of unaffected simplicity and enthusiasm which has always been characteristic of the author. It was republished in London in Sir Richard Phillips's collection of Voyages and Travels; and has been lately reissued by the author in an enlarged form with the title, Scenes and Adventures in the Semi-Alpine Region of the Ozark Mountains of Missouri and Arkansas, which were first traversed by DeSoto in 1541. His next tour was in 1820, under the auspices of Monroe's administration, accompanying General Cass in his survey of the copper regions, and exploration of the Upper Mississippi. He published an account of this in a Narrative Journal of Travels from Detroit to the Source of the Mississippi River. In 1821 he journeyed to Chicago, examining the Wabash and Illinois Rivers, and published as the result his Travels in the Central Portions of the Mississippi Valley. In 1822 he

Elmwood.

received the appointment of Agent for Indian Affairs on the North-west Frontiers, taking up his residence at Michilimackinack, where he continued to reside for nearly twenty years, occupying himself diligently with studying the Indian languages and history, and improving the condition of the tribes. He was a member of the Territo

rial Legislature from 1828 to 1832. He procured the incorporation of the Michigan Historical Society in 1828, and in 1832 founded the Algic Society at Detroit. The titles of his publications at this time will show his zeal in the promotion of his favorite topics, urged both in prose and verse.* He made a grammar of the Algonquin language. Mr. Du Ponceau translated two of his lectures before the Algic Society on the grammatical structure of the Indian language into French, for the National Institute of France.

In 1832 he was chosen by the Indian and War Department to conduct a second expedition into the region of the Upper Mississippi. This he accomplished successfully, establishing his lasting geographical reputation by the discovery of the head waters of the river in Itasca Lake. His account of the journey was published in an octavo volume by the Harpers in 1834; Narrative of an Expedition to Itasca Lake, the actual source of the Mississippi River. In 1839 his Algic Researches appeared in New York, a collection of Indian tales and legends, mythologic and allegoric. It is the working of one of the finest veins of the author's numerous aboriginal studies. The legends preserved in this and other of Mr. Schoolcraft's writings show the Indians to have possessed an unwritten literature of no little value in both a poetical and humorous aspect. There is much delicacy in the conception of many of these tales of the spirits of earth and air, with a genuine quaintness showing an affinity with the fairy stories of the northern races of Europe.

In bringing these curious traditions to light, valuable as an historical index to the character of the tribes, as well as for their invention, Mr. Schoolcraft is entitled to grateful recollection for his pioneer labors. He was the first to challenge attention to this department of national literature; and without his poetical interest in the subject very much of the material he has preserved would probably have perished. Mr. S., too, is a poet in his own right, the list of his writings numbering several productions in verse, chiefly relating to the Indians or the scenery of the west.

In 1841 Mr. Schoolcraft removed his residence to New York and took part in the proceedings of the Ethnological Society. The next year he visited England and the continent, and was present at the meeting of the British Association at Manchester. On his return he was employed by the legislature of New York, in 1845, to take a census of the Six Nations, the results of which investigation were published in his Notes on the Iroquois, an enlarged edition of which appeared in 1847. In 1845 Mr. S. commenced the publication of a collection of Indian literary material with the title, Oneóta, or Characteristics of the Red Race of America; reissued in 1848 with the title, The Indian in his Wigwam.

*The Rise of the West, or a Prospect of the Mississippi Valley. A Poem. 1827. Detroit: G. L. Whitney; pp. 20.Indian Melodies. New York: Elam Bliss, 1880; pp. 52, 8vo.A Discourse before the Michigan Historical Society in 1881. Detroit. Whitney, pp. 59.-Outline of the Natural History of Michigan, a lecture delivered before the Detroit Lyceum in 1831. Detroit.-The Influence of Ardent Spirits on the Condition of North American Indians. Ib.-An Address before the Algic Society. Ib.-The Man of Bronze, or Portraitures of Indian Character, delivered before the Algic Society at its annual meeting in 1884.-1osco, or the Vale of Norma. Detroit: 1888.-Report on Indian affairs in 1840. Ib.

One of the most interesting of the author's publications (in Philadelphia, 1851) is his Personal Memoirs of a Residence of Thirty Years with the Indian Tribes on the American Frontiers; with brief notices of passing events, facts, and opinions, 1812 to 1842.* This book is written in the form of a diary, and has the flavor of the time, with its motley incident on the frontier, with Indian chiefs, trappers, government employés, chance travellers, rising legislators, farmers, ministers of the gospel, all standing out with more or less of individuality in the formative period of the country. No man was, then and there, so humble or so insignificant as not to be of importance. With an instinct for the poetry of the past, and a vigilant eye for the present and the future, Mr. Schoolcraft has employed his pen in writing down legend, noting anecdotes of manners, chronicling personalities, recording adventure, and describing nature the result of which is a picture which will grow more distinct and valuable with time, when the lineaments of this transition age-the closing period of the red man, the opening one of the white-will survive only in this and similar records.

The latest literary employment of Mr. Schoolcraft is his preparation, under a resolution of the government, of the series of five quarto volumes, printed in a style of great luxury, and illustrated by the pencil of Lieutenant Eastman, entitled Ethnological Researches respecting the Red Man of America. Information respecting the History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. The comprehensive plan of this work covers a wide range of subjects in the general history of the race; their traditions and associations with the whites; their special antiquities in the several departments of archæology in relation to the arts; their government, manners, and customs; their physiological and ethnological peculiarities as individuals and nations; their intellectual and moral cultivation; their statistics of population; their geographical position, past and present. The work, gigantic as it is, is mostly from the pen of Mr. Schoolcraft; but it also contains numerous important communications from government officials and others relating to the topics in hand.t

Mr. Schoolcraft has been twice married; in 1823 to a daughter of Mr. John Johnston, an Irish gentleman, who married the daughter of Wabo

To this is prefixed "Sketches of the Life of Henry R. Schoolcraft:" a careful narrative, from which the facts of this notice have been derived.

+ In addition to the works we have mentioned, Mr. Schoolcraft has published Cyclopædia Indiaensis, a specimen number. New York: Platt & Peters, 1842.-Alhalla, the Lord of Talladega Ib. Wiley & Putnam. 1843. pp. 116.-Report on Aboriginal Names, and the Geographical Terminology of New York. Ib. Van Norden. 1845, pp. 43.-An Address at Aurora, Cayuga County, New York, before an association of young men for investigating the Iroquois history. Auburn, 1846, pp. 35.-Historical Considerations on the Siege of Fort Stanwix in 1777, delivered before the New York Historical Society. New York: Van Norden. 1:46, pp. 29. Plan for investigating American Ethnology. Ib. Jenkins. 1846, pp. 18.An Address before the New York Historical Society on the Incentives to the study of the early period of American History. Ib. Van Norden. 1847, pp. 38.-Notices of Antique Earthen Vessels from Florida. 16. 1847, pp. 15-Literature of the Indian Languages. Washington: C. Alexander. 1849, pp. 28. Mr. 8. has also been a contributor to most of the periodicals of the country, including Silliman's Journal, the North American Review, the Democratic Review. Helderbergia: or the apotheosis of the Heroes of the Anti-Rent War-a poem. Albany, N.Y. 1855. 8vo. pp. 54.

|

jeeg, an Indian chief. This lady, with whom he passed the whole of his frontier residence in Mi

chigan, died in 1842. In 1847 he married Miss Mary Howard of Beaufort, South Carolina. Being deprived by a partial paralysis of the ready use of his hand, his wife acts as his amanuensis. Beyond his confinement to his room this difficulty has not affected his health, while it has concentrated his attention, never relaxed, still more on his literary pursuits. It is satisfactory to see a pioneer in a branch of science and investigation not usually very highly rewarded by the public, thus pursuing-under the auspices and with the resources of Government-the studies commenced nearly half a century before.

THE WHITE STONE CANOE FROM THE TALES OF A WIGWAM.

There was once a very beautiful young girl, who died suddenly on the day she was to have been married to a handsome young man. He was also brave, but his heart was not proof against this loss. From the hour she was buried, there was no more joy or peace for him. He went often to visit the spot where the women had buried her, and sat musing there, when, it was thought, by some of his friends, he would have done better to try to amuse himself in the chase, or by diverting his thoughts in the warpath. But war and hunting had both lost their charms for him. His heart was already dead within him. He pushed aside both his war-club and his bow and arrows.

He had heard the old people say, that there was a path that led to the land of souls, and he determined to follow it. He accordingly set out, one morning, after having completed his preparations for the journey. At first he hardly knew which way to go. He was only guided by the tradition that he must go south. For a while, he could see no change in the face of the country. Forests, and hills, and valleys, and streams had the same looks, which they ground, when he set out, and it was sometimes seen wore in his native place. There was snow on the to be piled and matted on the thick trees and bushes. At length, it began to diminish, and finally disappeared. The forest assumed a more cheerful appearance, the leaves put forth their buds, and before he was aware of the completeness of the change, he found himself surrounded by spring. He had left behind him the land of snow and ice. The air became mild, the dark clouds of winter had rolled away from the sky; a pure field of blue was above him, and as he went he saw flowers beside his path, and heard the songs of birds. By these signs he knew that he was going the right way, for they agreed with the traditions of his tribe. At length he spied a path. It led him through a grove, then up a long and elevated ridge, on the very top of which he came to a lodge. At the door stood an old man, with white hair, whose eyes, though deeply sunk, had a fiery brilliancy. He had a long robe of skins thrown loosely around his shoulders, and a staff in his hands.

The young Chippewayan began to tell his story; but the venerable chief arrested him, before he had proceeded to speak ten words. "I have expected you,” he replied, "and had just risen to bid you welcome to my abode. She, whom you seek, passed here but a few days since, and being fatigued with her journey, rested herself here. Enter my lodge and be seated, and I will then satisfy your enquiries, and give you directions for your journey from this point." Having done this, they both issued forth to the lodge door. 'You see yonder gulf," said he, " and the wide stretchiing blue plains beyond. It is the land of souls. You

stand upon its borders, and my lodge is the gate of entrance. But you cannot take your body along. Leave it here with your bow and arrows, your bundle and your dog. You will find them safe on your return." So saying, he re-entered the lodge, and the freed traveller bounded forward, as if his feet had suddenly been endowed with the power of wings. But all things retained their natural colours and shapes. The woods and leaves, and streams and lakes, were only more bright and comely than he had ever witnessed. Animals bounded across his path, with a freedom and a confidence which seemed to tell him, there was no blood shed here. Birds of beautiful plumage inhabited the and sported groves, in the waters. There was but one thing, in which he saw a very unusual effect. He noticed that his passage was not stopped by trees or other objects. He appeared to walk directly through them. They were, in fact, but the souls or shadows of material trees. He became sensible that he was in a land of shadows. When he had travelled half a day's jour ney, through a country which was continually becoming more attractive, he came to the banks of a broad lake, in the centre of which was a large and beautiful island. He found a canoe of shining white stone, tied to the shore. He was now sure that he had come the right path, for the aged man had told him of this. There were also shining paddles. He immediately entered the canoe, and took the paddles in his hands, when to his joy and surprise, on turning round, he beheld the object of his search in another canoe, exactly its counterpart in every thing. She had exactly imitated his motions, and they were side by side. They at once pushed out from shore and began to cross the lake. Its waves seemed to be rising and at a distance looked ready to swallow them up; but just as they entered the whitened edge of them they seemed to melt away, as if they were but the images of waves. But no sooner was one wreath of foam passed, than another, more threatening still, rose up. Thus they were in perpetual fear; and what added to it, was the clearness of the water, through which they could see heaps of beings who had perished before, and whose bones lay strewed on the bottom of the lake. The Master of Life had, however, decreed to let them pass, for the actions of neither of them had been bad. But they saw many others struggling and sinking in the waves. Old men and young men, males and females of all ages and ranks were there; some passed, and some sank. It was only the little children whose canoes seemed to meet no waves. At length, every difficulty was gone, as in a moment, and they both leapt out on the happy island. They felt that the very air was food. It strengthened and nourished them. They wandered together over the blissful fields, where everything was formed to please the eye and the ear. There were no tempests-there was no ice, no chilly winds-no one shivered for the want of warm clothes: no one suffered for hunger-no one mourned for the dead. They saw no graves. They heard of no wars. There was no hunting of animals; for the air itself was their food. Gladly would the young warrior have remained there for ever, but he was obliged to go back for his body. He did not see the Master of Life, but he heard his voice in a soft breeze: "Go back," said this voice, "to the land from whence you came. Your time has not yet come. The duties for which I made you, and which you are to perform, are not yet finished. Return to your people, and accomplish the duties of a good man. You will be the ruler of your tribe for many days. The rules you must observe, will be told you by my messenger, who keeps the gate. When he surrenders back your body, he will tell you what to do.

Listen to him, and you shall afterwards rejoin the spirit, which you must now leave behind. She is accepted and will be ever here, as young and as happy as she was when I first called her from the land of snows." When this voice ceased, the narrator awoke. It was the fancy work of a dream, and he was still in the bitter land of snows, and hunger, and tears.

WILLIAMS COLLEGE

OWES its name and original foundation to a soldier of the old French War, Colonel Ephraim Williams, once a valiant defender of the region in which it is situated. He was a native of the state, born in 1715 at Newton, and in early life was a sailor, making several voyages to Europe, and engrafting a knowledge of the world on his naturally vigorous powers of mind. He visited England, Spain, and Holland. In the war with France from 1740 to 1748 his attention was turned to military life, and he served as a captain in a New England company raised for the service against Canada. On the conclusion of peace he received from the General Court of Massachusetts a grant of two hundred acres of land in the town of Hoosac, with the command of the Forts Hoosac and Massachusetts, frontier posts, which then afforded protection from the Indians to the settlers of the fertile districts around and below.

On the breaking out of the war anew in 1755 he had command of a regiment for the general defence, which was ordered to join the forces then raising in New York by General Johnson against the French. On his way to the army he made, on the 22d July, 1755, his will at Albany, by which he bequeathed his property in Massachusetts as a foundation "for the support of a free-school in a township west of Fort Massachusetts; provided the said township fall within Massachusetts, after running the line between Massachusetts and New York, and provided the said township, when incorporated, be called Williamstown."

Proceeding with a large body of soldiers in the following autumn, September 8, 1755, to attack the advanced guard of Dieskau's invading force, the party was entrapped in an ambuscade in the neighborhood of Lake George, when Colonel Williams fell, mortally wounded by a musket ball in the head.

His bequest for the purposes of education seems to have grown out both of his respect for learning and his affection for the settlers, among whom his military life was passed. He was of a warm, generous disposition, with a winning ease and politeness; and though he was not much indebted to schools for his education, is said to have had a taste for books, and cultivated the society of men of letters.*

By the will of Colonel Williams his executors were directed to sell his lands, at their discretion, within five years after an established peace, and apply the interest of the proceeds, with that of certain bonds and notes, to the purposes of the free-school. The lands were sold, the money loaned, and the interest again invested till 1785, when an act of the legislature was procured incorporating a body of trustees "of the

*Mass. Hist. Coll., First Series, viii. 47.

donation of Ephraim Williams, for maintaining a free-school in Williamstown." William Williams was elected president, and the Rev. Seth Swift, treasurer.* Additional funds were solicited, and in 1788 a committee was appointed to erect a school-house, which, completed in 1790, is now the West college" building of the institution. A good choice was made of a preceptor in the Rev. Ebenezer Fitch. This scholar and divine, who was to bear a prominent part in the establishment of the college, was born at Canterbury, Connecticut, September 26, 1756. He received his degree at Yale in 1777, and passed two years at New Haven as a resident graduate. He then was school teacher for a year in New Jersey, and from 1780 till 1783 was tutor in Yale College. An interval of mercantile business followed, in the course of which he visited London, again returning to Yale, as tutor, from 1786 to 1791, the year of his engagement at Williamstown. With this preparation he opened the free-school in October, with John Lester as assistant. Two departments were organized-a grammar-school or academy, with a college course of instruction, and an English free-school. In 1793 the school, by an act of the legislature, became Williams College, with a grant from the state treasury of four thousand dollars for the purchase of books and philosophical apparatus. To the old trustees were added the Rev. Dr. Stephen West, Henry Van Schaack, the Hon. Elijah Williams, Gen. Philip Schuyler, the Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer, and the Rev. Job Swift, the charter allowing to the board seventeen members, including the college president. A grammar-school was at once provided for in connexion with the college, and the terms of admission to the latter required that the applicant "be able to accurately read, parse, and construe, to the satisfaction of the president and tutor, Virgil's Eneid, Tully's Orations, and the Evangelists in Greek; or, if he prefer to become acquainted with French, he must be able to read and pronounce, with a tolerable degree of accuracy and fluency, Hudson's French Scholar's Guide, Telemachus, or some other approved French author."

Mr. Fitch was unanimously elected president, and the first Commencement was held, a class of four, in 1795. The numbers rapidly increased with the resources of the college, which were augmented by a new grant of land from the state in 1796. Dr. Fitch held the presidency for twenty-one years, retiring from the office in 1815, after which he became pastor of a church in West Bloomfield, New York, where he died at the age of seventy-six in 1833.

The Rev. Zephaniah Swift Moore, then Professor of Languages at Dartmouth, was the successor of Dr. Fitch in the college presidency, and held the office from 1815 to 1821. The question was at this time discussed of the removal of the college to the banks of the Connecticut, an agitation which did not repair its fortunes. Dr. Moore, on his resignation, was chosen president of the collegiate institution at Amherst, which he had

William Williams, Theodore Sedgwick, Woodbridge Little, John Bacon. Thompson J. Skinner, Israel Jones, David Noble, the Rev. Seth Swift, and the Rev. Daniel Collins, were the first body of trustees named in the act.

greatly favored, and which drew off many of the students from Williamstown.*

The Rev. Dr. Edward Dorr Griffin was then chosen president. He brought with him the prestige of an influential career in the ministry at Newark, New Jersey, and in the Park Street Church at Boston. He had also been professor of pulpit eloquence in the Theological Seminary at Andover. He was inaugurated president and professor of divinity at Williams College, November 14, 1821. His reputation and influence revived the college interests, which had become much depressed, and it was enabled to bear up successfully against the rivalry of Amherst. Various advantages of gifts and bequests, which gave the means of improvement and increase of the college library, apparatus, and buildings, were secured during Dr. Griffin's efficient presidency, which he was compelled to resign from ill health in 1836. He died at Newark, New Jersey, November 8 of the year following, at the age of sixty-eight.

The Rev. Dr. Mark Hopkins was inaugurated president of the college on the 15th of September, 1836. Dr. Hopkins is a native of Berkshire, Mass. He was born at Stockbridge, February 4, 1802; was educated at the college of which he is president; studied medicine, and received a medical degree in 1828. In 1830 he was elected professor of moral philosophy and rhetoric in Williams College, a position which he held at the time of his election to the presidency.

The college during his administration has increased steadily in its resources and the number of its students. It is due to his efficient exertions that astronomical and magnetical observatories have been erected and well supplied with scientific apparatus.

Dr. Hopkins has also rendered services to general literature by the publication of his Lowell Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity in 1846, and by the collection of his Miscellaneous Essays and Discourses the year following.

Among the papers preserved in the latter is the author's Inaugural Discourse at Williams College. Its review of the subject of education is sound in philosophy and practical in its sugges tions. In a wise spirit he speaks of the principle now settled among all thinking men, that we are to regard the mind

not as a piece of iron to be laid upon the anvil and hammered into any shape, nor as a block of marble in which we are to find the statue by removing the rubbish, nor as a receptacle into which knowledge may be poured; but as a flame that is to be fed, as

Amherst College grew out of the academy at that place which was incorporated in 1512, and of which Noah Webster was one of the chief promoters. Further provision was required for the education of young men for the ministry. A college was resolved upon, and the question of union with Williams College agitated, in view of the removal of the latter. Dr. Moore was chosen the first president in 1821. He died two years after, when the Rev. Hemian Humphrey was elected. A charter was obtained in 1825. Dr. Humphrey held the presidency till 1845, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Edward Hitchcock, who occupied the post till 1854, when the Rev. William A. Stearns was chosen in his place. The institution has preserved its distinct religious character in connexion with the Presbyterian Church. Its number of graduates, up to 1854, was over ne thousand. It has a large charitable fund, from which the expenses of a numerous body of students preparing for the ministry are annually paid.-lolland's History of Western Massachusetts, i. 508–512.