been written by Baxter, some reference would have been made to it in His own Life and Times, where he refers to the history of the whole of his publications, including even those of a mere pamphlet form, consisting only of a few sheets. It is very possible that such a work was written by a Mr. Baxter; but not Richard, or that Richard Baxter may have contributed the preface to such a book, a thing he was very much in the habit of doing. I have in my possession a small work entitled

The Doctrine of Self-Posing, or a Christian's Duty of putting Cases of Difficulty to Himself, being the Sum of some Sermons Preached at Upton-on-Severn, in the County of Worcester, by B. Baxter, late Minister of the Gospel there, but now removed, with a Preface by Richard Baxter, 1666."

It is not improbable that the Rev. B. Baxter was the author of the Heavy Shove. That such a title was ever given to the Call to the Unconverted, is very improbable. Baxter gives a particular account of the circumstances under which this work,

as well as the Saints' Rest, were written, but not a word does he state about any alteration in their titles. I can find nothing in the first edition of the Saints' Rest that will warrant the supposition that Baxter ever intended any other titles to these works than those by which they are universally known. If any alteration has ever taken place in the titles of some of Baxter's publications, it must have been made by other hands. H. H. BEALBY.

North Brixton.

"We Three" (Vol. v., p. 338.).—The Loggerheads as an inn sign is not so uncommon as your correspondent fancies. That at Pentre, near Mold, is of considerable age, and one can only perceive the outline of human heads on the board. The exact date I could not discover. In Liverpool there is one called the "Loggerheads Revived," where the figures are painted with considerable force. The prevailing characteristic is two men of stout and jovial aspect grinning at the spectator. AGMOND.

Age of Trees (Vol. iv., pp. 401. 488.). I may remind your correspondent of the curious old linden tree at Freyburg, in Switzerland, planted in remembrance of the battle of Morat, by a citizen who returned safely. The battle was fought June 22, 1476. AGMOND.

The Diphthong "ai" (Vol. v., p. 581.). - I believe your correspondent R. PRICE is in error in attributing inconsistency to Walker in respect of the sound ai in pail, and the sound aye. It appears to me that Walker's opinion is that the former is a simple vowel, "formed by one conformation of the organs;" and the latter a compound vowel, in pronouncing which "the organs alter their position." This opinion involves no inconsistency, though it may be erroneous. Spurrell,

in his English-Welsh Pronouncing Dictionary, asserts the contrary opinion, namely, that ai, a, ay, &c., are merely different ways of writing the same sound, which he considers a diphthong, composed of e Welsh and e English, the Welsh e being identical with a in mare, e in there, ea in pear, and other words, as pronounced by the generality of Englishmen. He also treats o in note as a diphthong, which Walker considers simple. The Welsh o is simple, and differs from the diphthongal English. There does not appear to be any reason for distinguishing between the pronunciation of pail and pale, as the pronunciation of words ought to regulate their spelling, rather than the spelling govern their pronunciation. AP RHISIART.

The Symbol of the Pelican (Vol. v., pp. 211, 212.). I should be glad if your correspondent MARICONDA will favour me with the title of a the device may be seen. book or books printed by Rocco Bernabo, in which In George Wither's Collection of Emblemes, book iii. p. 154., there is a representation of this symbol surrounded by the motto "Pro lege et pro grege;" but although the page is headed

"Our Pelican, by bleeding, thus,
Fulfill'd the Law, and cured us;"

the representation (both of the bird and its young) is that of an eagle.

A. M.

John Hope (Vol. v., p. 582.).-In 1768 he suc ceeded his father as member for Linlithgow, as the nominee of his relation the Earl of Hopetoun, who, it appears, allowed him an annuity-I infer of 2001. a year- towards defraying his expenses when attending parliament. He appears to have been somewhat more liberal in his political opinions than the earl approved, and in consequence of his voting against government on the question of giving Luttrell the seat for Middlesex, the earl withdrew his support, and John Hope was declared on petition "not duly elected." I collect the above few particulars from a pamphlet which he published in 1772, entitled Letters on Certain 1769, 1770, written by John Hope, Esq., late Proceedings in Parliament during the Sessions representative for the county of Linlithgow. If your correspondent has any wish to see the pamphlet, I will forward it to you.

N. J.

Stoup (Vol. v., p. 560.). — As a contribution towards the list of examples of exterior holy water stoups requested by MR. CUTHBERT BEDE, I beg

to inform him that one exists outside the south

porch of the church of Hungarton in this county.

"A collection of Emblemes, ancient and moderne, quickened with Metrical Illustrations, and disposed into Lotteries both Morall and Divine, that instruction and good Counsell may bee furthered by an honest and pleasant recreation. By George Wither, London: printed by Augustine Matthewes, 1634."

Paraguay in 1842, I procured, with great difficulty, a copy of this work, which, unfortunately, I have not by me so as to describe it exactly; but, to the best of my recollection, it is a very small quarto, and was printed about the end of the seventeenth century at one of the Misiones de Paraguay. The work is doubtless, as W. B. D. surmises, very scarce even in South America or Spain. G. J. R. G. Bishop Merriman (Vol. v., p. 584.).-According to Harris's edition of Ware's Irish Bishops, p. 205., John Merriman was consecrated Bishop of Down in St. Patrick's church, Dublin, on the 19th Jan. 1568-9, by Thomas Lancaster, Archbishop of Dublin, assisted by the Bishops of Kildare, Meath, and Ossory; and we find from the Ulster Inquisitions, published by the Irish Record Commissioners in 1829, that the family existed in the county of Down (in which county the diocese of Down is situate) long after the bishop's death in 1572, and there occupying a highly respectable position in society. In 1606 William Merryman was living in Bishop's Court (part of the episcopal lands of Down), in the barony of Lecale; in 1622 Robert Merryman of Sheepland, another portion of the same episcopal lands in same barony, was one of the trustees of the estates of Arthur Magenis, Viscount Iveagh; and Nic. Maryman, of same place, is also mentioned as having obtained the lands of Glyvett, in same barony, from George Russell, previous to 1663. The name frequently occurs for some years later in the local history of the same district, but seems subsequently to have declined, and to have been called Merryment, latterly spelling it Marmion; a few farmers of which name are still to be found in the baronies of Lecale and Mourne. J. W. H. Birthplace of Andrew Marvell (Vol. v., p. 597.). -If it be "again and again stated that he was born at Hull," which MR. KIDD is "reluctantly compelled to believe" was not the case, having in his possession "authorised documents", proving where the patriot really was born, but which place has not hitherto been disclosed, it may be well to refer your correspondent and others to Poulson's History of the Seigniory of Holderness, vol. ii. p. 480. 4to. 1841, where it is stated that the entry of his birth in the Parish Register of Winestead, of which place his father, Andrew Marvell, became rector, on the presentation of Sir Christopher Hildyard, Knight, on the 16th April, 1614, and resigned the living in 1624 for the Readership of the Holy Trinity Church, Hull, proves that the village of Winestead claims the honour of having been his birthplace.

F. R. R.

Anstis on Seals (Vol. v., p.610.). — The MS. in question was in the Stowe Collection, and passed, with all the other MSS., to the Earl of Ashburnham in 1849.

Foundation Stones (Vol. v., p. 585.). appeared in a weekly periodical, the Leisure Hour, of May 21, 1852, the following account of the foundation of Blackfriars Bridge:

"The first stone of Blackfriars Bridge, the work of

31st October, 1760.

Robert Mylne, a Scotch architect, was laid on the Bridge, in honour of William Pitt, the great Earl of It was originally called Pitt's Chatham. If the foundations are ever disturbed, there will be found beneath them a metal tablet, on which is inscribed in Latin the following grateful tribute of the citizens of London to the genius and patriotism of that illustrious statesman. On the last day of October, in the year 1760, and in the beginning of the most auspicious reign of George III., Sir Thomas Chitty, Knt., Lord Mayor, laid the first stone of this bridge, undertaken by the Common Council of London, during the progress of a raging war (flagrante bello), for the ornament and convenience of the city; Robert Mylne In order that there might be being the architect. handed down to posterity a monument of the affection of the City of London for the man who, by the power (under the Divine favour and happy auspices of of his genius, by his high-mindedness and courage George II.), restored, increased, and secured the British Empire, in Asia, Africa, and America, and restored the ancient reputation and power of his country amongst the nations of Europe, the citizens of London have unanimously voted this bridge to be inscribed with the name of William Pitt."

As it was not stated in the above-mentioned periodical whence this account was obtained, may I be permitted to make the Query,- Where the original account of the ceremony is to be found, and also the copy, in Latin, of the inscription on

the said tablet?

WILLOW.

Milton indebted to Tacitus (Vol. v., p. 606.).— in how very many instances the illustrious author I need not remind your correspondent MR. GILL of the Paradise Lost has "borrowed" the thoughts of foregone classics, and, as MR. GILL well says, with "more than returned favour, lending them a heightened expression."

Warton's edition of the Minor Poems of Milton, with its formidable array of parallel passages from other and elder poets, furnishes an abounding example of a prevailing characteristic of Milton's mind, that of reflecting (perhaps unconsciously) the axioms and bright sayings of all ages of literature, stored in his capacious brain-treasury.

No writer of the same rank in genius has, I should suppose, to a greater extent re-fused the sentences of other authors which were worth preserving. Warton, I have heard, produced his edition in no friendly spirit towards the old republican, whom he hated for his politics, but to

manifest the abundance of the poet's obligations to his predecessors. There is no question that Milton "borrowed," and unscrupulously; but it was not an Israelitish "borrowing' of the Egyptians; he returned the thoughts he had appropriated with added lustre, or, to preserve the image in its integrity, with compound interest. As I remember, Leigh Hunt, when we were speaking on this very subject, acknowledged in his fanciful and humorous vein of language:-"Oh, yes! Milton 'borrowed' other poets' thoughts, but he did not borrow' as gipsies borrow children, spoiling their features that they may not be recognised. No, he returned them improved. Had he borrowed' your coat, he would have restored it, with a new nap upon it!" COWDEN CLARKE. Plague Stones (Vol. v., p. 226.).—There was some time ago, and I believe is still in the neighbourhood of Dorchester, co. Dorset, one of these rare stones; it is situated on the east side of a public road, not far from the first milestone from Dorchester, on the London turnpike road; it stands near a tree close to the hedge, a few feet beyond the gate leading to Stinsford House, on the road just branched off to Moreton, &c. This stone has not been heretofore noticed, that I am aware of, as a plague stone; it has been commonly considered as a boundary stone, which its position cannot warrant: it is circular in shape, and near four feet high, having a round hollow of dishlike shape excavated on the top of it, and no doubt of the class above alluded to. It has been in the same place beyond the memory of man.

G. F.

Algernon Sidney (Vol. v., p. 318.).-Niebuhr, when a youth of eighteen, made quite a hero of Algernon Sidney:

"This day," said he, writing from Kiel, Dec. 6th, 1794, "is the anniversary of Algernon Sidney's death III years ago, and hence it is in my eyes a consecrated day, especially as I have just been studying his noble life again. May God preserve me from a death like his; yet even with such a death the virtue and holiness of his life would not be dearly purchased. And now he is forgotten almost throughout the world, and perhaps there are not fifty persons in all Germany who have taken the pains to inform themselves accurately about his life and fortunes. Many may know his name, many know him from his brilliant talents, but they formed the least part of his true greatness."

In 1813, the late George Wilson Meadley, Esq., of Bishopwearmouth, the biographer of Dr. Paley, published Memoirs of Algernon Sidney.

E. H. A. Edmund Bohun (Vol. v., pp. 539. 599.). RIx has been inquiring about this writer. Has it been noticed that he was licenser of the press in 1692? The book entitled

"Observations historical and genealogical, in which the originals of the emperors, kings, electors, and other

sovereign princes of Europe, with a series of their births, matches, more remarkable actions, and deaths, and also the augmentations, decreasings, and pretences of each family, are drawn down to the year 1690. Written in Latin by Anthony William Schowart, History-professor at Frankfort, and now made English; with some enlargements relating to England. 8vo. 1693. London."

bears the "imprimatur" of Edmund Bohun, with the date of "Decemb. 12, 1692;" and at the close of the preface the translator states that,

"In the Latin copy, amongst King James II.'s children there is one mentioned and called The Prince

of Wales; but the late licenser, Mr. Bohun, having expunged him, the translator could not, by the warrant of the Latin original, presume to insert him."

JOHN BRUCE.

Declaration of Two Thousand Clergymen (Vol. v., p. 610.).—I do not think the names of the two thousand clergymen that signed the declaration supposed to call in question the Queen's Supremay were ever published. The declaration is too long for insertion in "N. & Q," but RUSTICUS will find it in the English Churchman, No. 400, G. A. T. August 29, 1850, pp. 587, 588.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Those who, from knowing the active share always taken by Mr. Wright in the proceedings of the Archeological Association, and in the investigations carried on under its auspices in various parts of the country, and who, being aware that with such practical knowledge Mr. Wright combines a very general acquaintance with the antiquarian literature of the Continent generally, have consequently anticipated that his new book The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon: a History of the early Inhabitants of Britain, down to the Conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity: illustrated by the Ancient Remains brought to Light by recent Research—would be a volume full of inform

ation, pleasantly served up on that recondite subject the primeval antiquities of this country taken, as Mr. Wright informs us, for the purpose of will not be disappointed. The work has been undering that science more popular; and of calling the attensupplying a Manual of British Archæology; of rendertion of Englishmen more generally to the past history of their country: and, with this latter view more particularly, is plentifully studded with engravings of all such objects as represent the classes or peculiar types with which it is necessary the student should make himself acquainted. Mr. Wright discards altogether the system of archæological periods which has been adopted by the antiquaries of the North, and has treated antiquarian objects simply according to the races to which they belonged; in fact, to use his own words, "has attempted to make archæology walk hand in hand with history." We do not agree with Mr. Wright in this entire rejection of the systems which have been advanced by Worsaae, Thomsen, and others; but we are