£100, had also joined a Temperance Society, [been before opposed to the 89th at Chryster's and was doing well. farm, called out, "Where is the bloody 89th ?" Returning to our hotel, we found there a mar- "Here we are, you beggars!" answered the riage party just arrived, and on pleasure | 89th; and then threw in a murderous volley, bent," from St. Catherine's. Two sleighs fast-which immediately turned the tide in favor of ened together and drawn by four horses, con- the British. tained about a score of blithe folk: they sat two and two on buffalo robes, a small brass band in front, boughs of pine decking the sides of the sleighs, and a blue ensign waving over the stern of the living-freighted craft. We had choice of the best quarters in the hotel, which has very comfortable parlors and beds, with mattresses of wholesome horse-hair,--quite a novelty in Canada, generally where the abominable feathers prevail; we had also good attendance of colored waiters, excellent fare, and moderate charges.

The table-land on which the British were drawn up, and through the centre of which the road runs, consists of cleared fields with scattered trees, a few new houses are by the roadside; in the distance, and on the low grounds, are thick groves of ancient trees, behind which is seen, when the atmosphere is light, the vast pillar of cloud rising and waving above the cataract, whose deep voice also falls solemnly on the ear.

We returned to the churchyard, to read the epitaphs on the monuments of some gallant offiAs it is a soldier's duty to visit battle-ground cers who had fallen in action. We found three, whenever he is near it, the morning after our one on stone, to the memory of Col. Bishop, arrival at the Falls, I rose at dawn, and pro- killed at Black Rock; and two on wood, with ceeded with one of our party to the scene of the these inscriptions:-" To the Memory of LIEUT. combat of Lundy's Lane, fought during an THOMAS ANDREW, 6TH REGIMENT, who died in eventful night, the noise of the combat mingling consequence of a wound received when galwith the thunders of Niagara. Moving up the lantly leading on his company before Fort Erie, gradual ascent to the hotly-contested crest of Sept. 17, 1814, aged 26."-"Sacred to the the hill, at the upper part of Drummondville, a Memory of LIEUT. WILLIAM HEMPHILL, ROYAL splendid double rainbow spanned the heavens SCOTTS, who bravely fell in the memorable batbefore us as the sun rose, and we saw the sin-tle of Lundy's Lane, 25th July, 1814." We gular appearance of the long shadows of clouds projecting on other clouds. A little man, of hale appearance, with a basket on his arm, joined us; we asked him how many houses were left of those which stood at the time of the fight. "Only these two old ones," said he, pointing to old frame houses on the left of the road. "Another, Chryster's inn, was burnt by the Sympathizers in 1837, when cleared out for a party of soldiers."

"Were you living here in the last American war?" we asked.

were much displeased to observe that the two last monuments had been displaced from their proper positions to make room for some other graves, but we immediately took steps to have them replaced over the honored dead. On our way back to our hotel, which we made longer by a detour towards the old pavilion, our discourse fell on Resurrectionists; and being in a gossiping humor in this paper, I shall here give some of the perils which attended the study of medicine in Ireland twenty-five years ago :"It was in Cork where I first attended a dis“ Yes, and I fought on this ground, and served | secting-room," said my friend, “and many an in the Artillery; here, behind the crest of the adventure we had, and much risk we ran to get rise, extending right and left of it, was our line the subjects at that time. Once we received a drawn up, facing the Falls; at these trees be- volley of balls when we had struck the first low, and on our right, the Americans first hove spade in the earth, and we fled for our lives over in sight; the Glengaries and other Light In- some sheds, having one of our party severely fantry went off to skirmish with them in front, wounded through the arm. Another night, and we 'fit' (fought) them after that all round when I was accidentally prevented joining the the hill. The Americans had learned to fight resurrection party, one of the students was shot well by this time, and we had hard work of it, but dead through the heart at the grave and left we kept our line; and next day the enemy went there. But one of our ugliest adventures was off, and burnt the bridge of Chippewa, to pre- this:-Three of us were one day in a boat at vent our following. We thought it unchristian-Cove, and we were rowed by a remarkably like in our General to order our dead to be powerful man; the day was hot: he had taken burnt; but as he said it was the custom in Spain off his shirt, and finer development of muscle, and Portugal, we fancied it was all right. There larger arms, and a deeper chest, I never had were about 900 dead bodies aside, and sixty | seen before. Some time after this we heard that horses; our men lie in two graves on that small he had been drowned, and we determined to square we have just past, opposite the hospital get this fine subject. We ascertained that he near the churchyard." was buried in a very neatly kept churchyard, Let the gallant deeds of the 89th Regiment and close to a gravel-walk in it. We took a not be forgotten on this occasion. The Ameri-horse with us from Cork at night, and comcan army, favored by the darkness, had reached to the crest of the British position, and the Canadian Militia were suffering severely, when the 89th opportunely arrived from the direction of Queenstown, in light marching order, left the road, crossed the fields, and took the Americans in flank. The 21st U. S. Regiment, which had

menced operations by throwing the earth on sheets we had brought with us, to keep the earth from the footpath. The grave was a very deep one, and it was long before we reached the body, and long before we got it out, being so heavy. At last we got it into the sack; but the horse snorted and shied at it. The day was be

ginning to dawn, we had three miles to take it; we thought we should never get it off, and that we must be discovered. At last, after a good hour's work, and by tying a handkerchief over the horse's eyes, we got the load fixed on his back. We then filled up the grave carefully, and got safe to the dissecting.room."

THE PETITIONS OF JOAN OF ARC.

BY MRS. JAMES GRAY.

From the Dublin University Magazine.

"When the ceremony of the coronation of Charles the Seventh, at Rheims, was concluded, Joan of Arc fell on her knees, and begged permission to return again to her former home. This petition was not granted; her services to her country being considered too valuable to be dispensed with. The only other request she made was, that her native scenes, the villages of Domremy and Greux, should be exempted from taxes in time to come; and this privilege continued in force until the Revolution."

There was silence 'neath the lofty dome-the silence of surprise;

And now the murmur of applause is faintly heard to rise.

But the monarch spake-"It may not be, thy name
must still advance

The honor and the happiness of this fair land of
France;

The will of heaven hath chosen thee to follow one
bright track,

Thou wouldst not from thy holy work turn faint and weary back.

Ask not for this, for aught beside thou canst not ask too soon,

And let the king that thou hast crowned grant thee some fitting boon."

"There are two hamlets far away-ah! how my bosom yearns,

And faileth all its warrior strength, when there my memory turns;

But they are hallowed in my heart, as by a holy spell,

For there mine early years went by, and there my kindred dwell."

They are a peasant people, and my prayer, O king, shall be,

That

And holds aloft the banner white, that led victori-Free ous bands;

And now she lays that banner down, and on her So knees she falls,

As memory all the happy dreams of early youth recalls.

And all are still, and many moved with envy at the thought,

How much of wealth, how much of power, her courage may have bought.

They listen for her coming words. May she not

pray to stand

The first of honored counsellors upon the king's right hand?

May she not win a lofty place, beside her own

wide fame,

And stamp upon a peasant race a new and noble

name?

May she not ask broad lands and gold? But hear the gentle tone,

That floateth like an angel voice toward the royal

throne !

through the ages yet to come that people shall

be free

from the imposts, that still reap so much their toil hath sown,

that the labor of their hands henceforth be all their own."

The boon is won, and every heart thrills at the generous deed,

And to the ransomed villages the happy tidings speed.

Oh, through full many a weary day of terror and of strife,

The maiden's heart must there have turned, as to a spring of life,

Their memory must have cheered her soul, when danger darkened round,

And been companionship within a prison's lonely bound;

And even in death, that fearful death, that reached her all too soon,

Might she not think with triumph still upon that granted boon?

Совк, 1843.

THE LIFE, TIMES, AND DOCTRINES OF tradiction, and very old withal. The two

CONFUCIUS.

From the Asiatic Journal.

elder daughters were mute; but the youngest, Yen-she, expressed her readiness to wed the old man. After their marriage, the lady obtained permission to make a journey to Ne-kew, where she prayed to the Shang-te, and in ten months crowned her husband's hopes with a son, born in the town of Tsow-yih,* who was named

Chung-ne. This event happened in the 22nd year of the reign of Seang-kung, king of Loo, the 21st year of that of the emperor Ling-wang, the 13th day of the 11th moon, in the 47th year of the cycle, answering to the autumn of B. c. 551.

and saints of antiquity, is fabled to have been attended with allegorical prodigies, amongst which was the appearance of the ke-lin, a miraculous quadruped, prophetic, like the fung-whang, of happiness and virtue, which announced that the child would be "a king without throne or territory." Two dragons appeared, hovering over the couch of Yen-she; five celestial sages entered the house at the moment of the child's birth, whilst vocal and instrumental music filled the air. The body of the infant bore distinctive marks. His head rose on the top in the form of a hill Ne-kew, denoting the sublimity of his genius; his chest was marked with a resemblance to characters, which implied his future eminence; his skin with figures representing the sun and moon, &c.

ONE of the most important events in the history of China occurred during the Chow, or third dynasty, namely, the birth of Confucius, whose doctrines have mainly tended to mould the character of the Chinese into its present form; the fundamental Kew (from the mountain), and surnamed principles of the government, the institutions, the laws, the religion, the philosophy, as well as the manners and habits of the people, being modelled, more or less, according to the axioms of this remarkable personage. The family of Kung-tsze, or Kung-foo- His birth, like that of all the demi-gods tsze, better known as Confucius, into which his name has been Latinized by the Jesuit missionaries, is considered to be the most ancient in China, being traceable through kings and emperors up to Hwang-te. Se h, a descendant of that monarch, was minister of Shun, from whom he received the principality of Shang, in Ho-nam. Thirteen of his descendants governed this state before Ching-tang, the founder of the Shang dynasty. The last emperor but one of this house, Te Yih, had three sons, Wei-tszeke, Wei-chung-yen, and Chow-sin. The latter, being the only son of the lawful wife, ascended the throne, from which he was deservedly hurled by Woo-wang, who provided for the illustrious family of Shang, by assigning them principalities. Weichung-yen was made prince of Sung. He was the father of Sun-kung, who was the His father died before Confucius was father of Ting-kung-shen, who had two three years old, and left him unprovided sons, Ming-kung-kung and Seang-kung-he. for; but he was brought up with great The latter was father of Too-foo-ho, who care by his mother, to whom, and to the had a son named Sung-foo-chow. From aged in general, he manifested unbounded him came Sheng, and from Sheng, Chen- submission. At the earliest age, he is rekaou-foo, who was father of Kung-foo-kea, ported to have practised the ceremonials of from whom the Confucian branch derives pious respect to elders, with his playfelthe family name of Kung. The last-named lows, and sometimes when alone, by prospersonage was the father of Tsze-muh-kea-trating himself and "knocking head" before foo, who had E-ye and he Fang-shoo, who, inanimate objects. Knowledge he appearduring the troubles which disordered Sung, ed to acquire intuitively: his mother found quitted this kingdom, and sought an asylum it superfluous to teac hhim what "heaven in that of Loo. Here he had a son named Pe-hea, to whom was born Shuh-leangho, the father of Confucius. Shuh-leangho (or hih), who was a magistrate of Tsowyih, had nine daughters by his first wife, and a son, who was deformed, by a concubine. On the death of this wife, he offered marriage to one of the three daughters of the chief of Yen, who, on communicating the proposal to his daughters, observed that the proposer was of low stature, a bad figure, a severe temper, impatient of con

had already graven upon his heart."

At the age of seven, he was sent to a public school, the superior of which, named Ping-chung, also a magistrate and a governor, was a person of eminent wisdom and probity. Hence it would appear that the post of schoolmaster was not beneath the

The modern Keu-foo-heen, in Shan-tung.

† Some writers affirm that Confucius was born during the life of his father's first wife; that his

mother was a concubine; consequently, that he

was illegitimate.

dignity and ambition of a high functionary |jected reforms, to introduce a more becomof government. The facility with which ing mode of disposing of the dead, which Confucius imbibed the lessons of his master, it was the custom carelessly to consign to the ascendency which he acquired amongst the first piece of waste ground at hand. He his fellow-pupils, and the superiority of his contended that it was degrading to man, genius and capacity, raised the admiration the lord of the earth, when the breath had of all. departed from his frame, to treat it like the carcass of a brute; and that the common practice was repugnant to that mutual regard and affection, which mankind ought to cherish towards one another. He went further, and argued that, by repeating, at stated times, acts of homage and respect to our ancestors, either at the spot where their remains were deposited, or before some representations of them in private dwellings, a remembrance of the immediate authors of our being would be kept alive in our minds, as well as a glow of filial piety and affection, whilst the same practice by our descendants perpetuated, as it were, our own existence.

At the age of seventeen, after having replenished his mind with knowledge from the words of the ancients and the lessons of his preceptor, especially with reference to the science of politics and government, he was made a subordinate magistrate, inspector of the sale and distribution of corn, upon which occasion he took the family name of Kung. In this office, contrary to the usual practice of executing its details by deputy, he rose early, and superintended in person the most minute parts of the duty; whereby he detected frauds, checked combinations, and introduced order and integrity: thus laying the foundation of his public character.

In his nineteenth year, by the advice of his mother, he married, Ke-kwan-she, of an ancient family in Sung. The year after, he had a son, named Pih-yu, otherwise Kung-le. The king of Loo sent to compliment the father, with a present of carp (le-yu), whence the appendages to the son's

names.

This was the first great reform in the manners of his countrymen effected by Confucius; funeral ceremonies, which had been almost disused, became general, as well as a greater outward respect for the dead; and the honor (which has degenerated into worship) paid to ancestors, hitherto confined to the great, was made, in the end, a national custom throughout the empire.

During the three years of mourning, he devoted himself zealously to study, and to the cultivation of the "six arts," which complete the education of a man, namely, music, ceremonies, arithmetic, writing, the use of arms, and the art of driving. These exercises relieved the toils of severe study, and made the period of mourning less tedious.

The talents he displayed led to the employment of Confucius upon a larger scale, in checking the abuses in the provinces; and at the age of twenty-one, he was created inspector-general of pastures and flocks. He executed his invidious duties with such a judicious mixture of firmness and forbearance, gentleness and impartiality, that he disarmed the hostility of the bad, and conciliated the esteem of the good, whilst the poor poured benedictions On returning into society, he was urged upon him as their friend and benefactor. to present himself to the king or his minIn four years, the country under his super-isters, that he might obtain some public intendence wore a new face; the fields employment; but Confucius, who had no were well tilled, the flocks had multiplied, and the husbandinen and shepherds enjoyed plenty and content.

ambition but that of being extensively useful, declined to do so, declaring that he wished for longer time to make himself His public employment was suspended, thoroughly master of the wisdom of antiat the age of twenty-three, by the death of quity. His reputation now began to attract his mother, conformably to ancient rules, of visitors, who desired the solution of queswhich Confucius was a rigid observer. He tions in morals or politics. Amongst buried her with his father at Fang-shan, others, the king of Yen sent to inquire. observing, we owe equal duty to both our what course of conduct he ought to pursue parents, and it is right that those who in in order to govern rightly. Confucius told life were united by the same bond, should the envoy that he neither knew the king be undivided in death." The removal of nor his subjects, and therefore could not the corpse was performed with a decorum give a practical answer to such a question. and magnificence which afforded the pub- If he wishes to learn from me," said he, lic an illustrious example of filial piety. It" what the ancient sovereigns would have was, moreover, a part of Confucius's pro- done in such or such an emergency, I shall

66

be glad to satisfy him, for then I should" descendant of Ching-tang" to visit his speak with reference to facts." This reply court: an invitation which Confucius acwas the occasion of a visit by Confucius to cepted. Yen (the first instance of his leaving his native country), where he labored diligently and successfully in reforming its laws and manners, and where he introduced the ceremonies adopted in Loo. On quitting Yen, in spite of the urgent entreaties of the king, he observed to the latter, "I cannot leave you without impressing upon you an ancient sentiment: A sovereign who meditates changes and improvements in his state, should not begin them till he has acquired all the information on the subject he can gain from the practice of his neighbors. This sentiment, which is pregnant with instruction, has convinced me of a fact, to which I had hitherto paid too little attention." The reflection suggested to him, in short, the expediency of travelling, as the means of enlarging the sphere of his observation, and correcting errors and prejudices respecting national manners. Though only twenty-eight years of age, he enjoyed the reputation of a skilful politician, and a man of eminent learning; but he was sensible of his own deficiencies, and regarded his knowledge as superficial, compared with what it was in his power to attain.

He first visited the state of Kin, where he perfected himself in music, under a professor of great reputation, named Seang. He paid visits likewise to the states of Tsae and Wei, and nearly lost his life in one of their affrays. On his return, he again resisted the solicitations of his friends to enter into public life. "I devote myself," he would say, "to mankind in the aggregate; I dedicate my hours to the acquisition of knowledge, that I may be useful to them; I am but in my thirtieth year, a time of life when the mind is in all its vigor, the body in its full strength." In the Lun-yu, he says, "At fifteen I resolved to apply to philosophy; at thirty my resolution was fixed."

On leaving Loo, with a few disciples (B. c. 521), he was followed by a crowd of young people, who wished to profit as much as possible by his lectures; and for their benefit, he took occasion, from the incidents on the journey, to deduce practical lessons of conduct. Thus, on reaching the frontiers of Tse, they beheld a man about to hang himself. Confucius, descending from his chariot, inquired the cause. The man declared he was a philosopher; that he had neglected no means of accumulating knowledge; that, nevertheless, by omissions of duty, by the ingratitude of a son, by repeated disappointments, and by self-reproach, he was reduced to despair. Confucius comforted him with the assurance, that none of his ills were irreparable; that most of them had proceeded from errors on his own part, which might be remedied, and that no human being had real cause utterly to despair. He then turned to his followers, and desired them to reflect upon the lesson to be deduced from this man's narrative; observing that the misfortunes of our fellows afford us the means of escaping the ills of life; and that "we have made no inconsiderable progress in the path of wisdom, when we know how to extract this advantage from the faults of others."

On his arrival at Tse, he dismissed his young followers, that their filial duties might not be interrupted, and retained only thirteen disciples. He was received with much distinction by the king, whose questions were, however, conformably to his character, tinctured with levity. Confucius, nevertheless, replied with seriousness. He soon perceived how much this kingdom stood in need of reform; but he proceeded slowly, and with patience and caution At the end of the year, however, neither the people, the court, nor the king, had materially changed.

Confucius now (B. c. 522) made his house a kind of Lyceum, where instruction was On the accession of the emperor Kingfreely given to young and old, rich and wang (B. c. 518), our philosopher was enapoor; the only persons excluded were bled to gratify his wish of proceeding to those whose lives were vicious. History the imperial court. One of the ministers and historical traditions, the King or clas- of state, to whom he was introduced imsics, morals, and practical lessons of social mediately on his arrival, interrogated him conduct, were the topics of instruction, for as to the nature of his doctrine, and his which even magistrates and warriors were mode of teaching it. "My doctrine," reeager competitors. The fame of this illus-plied Confucius, "is that which it concerns trious reformer soon spurned the narrow all men to embrace; it is that of Yaou and limits of the kingdom of Loo, and spread Shun. As to my method of instruction, it throughout the empire. King-kung, king of is simple; I cite the conduct of the ancients, Tse, sent one of his grandees to invite the by way of example; I prescribe the study