that an intimacy existed between this woman and a Mr. Young, and although no evidence of it existed, and none of the decencies of life were known to be violated, a village excitement was raised against her. The embers were finally fanned into a blaze, and having possessed themselves of a bucket of tar and a bag of feathers, eight men proceeded in a sleigh, at twelve o'clock at night, to the house of the offender, where they confidently expected to surprise her in bed with her paramour. Breaking into the house, they found the woman in bed with her children. After searching in vain for Young, they seized the woman, dragged her, with nothing but her night-clothes, into the street, put a gag in her mouth, threw a blanket over her shoulders, put her into the sleigh and drove off, leaving three little children alone, without fire or a light, shrieking with terror!

The monsters drove off about three-quarters of a mile, took her into a field, tore off her night-clothes, and, with the instruments of torture prepared for the purpose, these eight unfeeling wretches perpetrated, upon a defenceless and unfortunate female, an outrage of the most horrible character-violated her person!

After literally enveloping the miserable woman in tar, they rolled her in the blanket, took her to an unoccupied, unfrequented barn, where they left her, entirely helpless, and still gagged, to perish with cold, unless found, as she was, by accident.

The cries of the children, in the morning, attracted the attention of the neighbours, and upon learning what had occurred, a search was made for the woman. Nothing, however, was discovered till nearly dark, when a quantity of tar and feathers were found on the snow in the field where the outrage was committed. From this spot the villains were tracked to the barn, where George Grinnell found the poor creature alive, but speechless and senseless! She was taken home, and a physician sent for, who discovered that her jaw had been dislocated! Several benevolent ladies kindly assisted in relieving the suffering woman from her dreadful condition, and after several weeks her health was restored. A strong feeling of indignation ran rapidly through the community. The monsters were soon identified, and prosecutions commenced. The causes were to have been tried during the present month, but were settled, a short time since, by the payment of 1400 dollars, from the defendants, to the victim of their barbarities.

The Louisiana Advertiser of the 20th ult. says:

"We have been informed that some of the citizens of Vicksburg have succeeded in arresting Mr. Cabler (who had left that city after having been flogged, tarred and feathered, and otherwise ill-treated), a few miles down the river. Fearing he was endeavouring to produce a reaction in his favour, they have chained him, and our informant states, intended to reconduct him to Vicksburg, and there to burn him publicly! We hope for the honour of human nature our information is incorrect."

"The Pennsylvanian."

"One of Murrel's gang was hung at Clinton, La., on Tuesday last, under sentence of Judge Lynch. He had 500 dollars of counterfeit notes upon him."

2 L

Extract from a U. S. Paper.

FANATICISM AND OUTRAGE.

THERE appears to be no limit to human credulity, even among the people of a country like this, where all are supposed to possess a certain degree of information and intelligence. The Rochester Democrat gives the subjoining heart-sickening detail of fanaticism, which shows that when one impudent and blasphemous impostor is exposed and driven into obscurity, another soon arises who finds no lack of disciples :—

It appears that in the vicinity of Auburn, Cayuga County, New York, a knave by the name of Sweet has gathered around him half a score of silly women, who believe him to be a divine being, whose commands they are implicitly and unhesitatingly bound to obey, under the penalty of the displeasure of Heaven. His household consists of himself and six white and one black woman. These deluded beings, although most of them are well educated and respectably connected, reverence him as their "divine Lord," and hold themselves in readiness at all times to yield obedience to his wishes. That they are obedient has been repeatedly demonstrated. On one occasion the impostor commanded the wench to take a huge carving knife, and proceed through the streets and slay whatever might impede her progress. She entered upon her task, and had not the instrument of death been wrested from her hand by the first person whom she attacked, she would have obeyed the command to the letter. On another occasion, he commanded three of the white women to proceed on a Sabbath-day to a neighbouring church where the communion was about to be administered, to upset the table, scatter the vessels, and drink up the wine. Accordingly, at the proper hour, they entered the house, singing and dancing as they proceeded, and performed the duty assigned them.

These outrages incensed the neighbourhood, and it was secretly determined by a few, who had imbibed an attachment to the code of Judge Lynch, to present the whole household with a coat of tar and feathers. For this purpose some ten or twelve young men blackened their faces, and otherwise disguised themselves, and proceeded at a late hour on Monday or Tuesday night of last week to Sweet's house, which they entered, seized several of the inmates, (among whom was Sweet,) covered their bodies with tar, and then feathered them with the contents of a bed which they took from the house for that purpose.

LYNCHING UPON A LARGE SCALE.

THERE exists in the United States a fanatical but harmless sect called Mormons, who are at present under the government of a person named Smith, whom they consider a prophet. These people have acquired lands in different parts of the United States, which lands they have cultivated, and having done so, have been dispossessed of them by violence, under the plea that the Mormons were a superstitious sect, and not fit to live in the neighbourhood of a civilized community. The real object, however, of their assailants was to possess themselves of the Mormons' lands. Much blood was shed in these contests, during the acting of which the law slept. In every instance, however, they succeeded in getting their cultivated lands and driving them, as they do the Indians, farther west,

there to cultivate new lands, and again to be dispossessed of them by their lawless and rapacious persecutors.

The following observations on the Mormons, the accounts of whose wrongs I have been obliged, from want of room, to condense in a few sentences, is taken from the Louisville Journal :

"WHAT is the crime of the Mormons, for which, even in their sickness and affliction, they are hunted like bears and wolves from the haunts of civilized men? We cannot learn, from all the numerous publications in regard to them, that the slightest imputation rests upon them as members of society. General Atchison, and all the other distinguished men, who have been among them to inquire into the grounds of the extraordinary hostility entertained against them by their neighbours, represent them as orderly, quiet, and inoffensive, anxious only to render scrupulous obedience to the laws of the land, and to receive the protection of those laws."

APPENDIX XI.

EARLY WORKINGS OF THE REPUBLICAN SYSTEM-WHISKEY REBELLION

OF

1790-STATE OF THINGS WHEN JEFFERSON RETURNED FROM

FRANCE.

Extract from President Washington's Message in 1794. "DURING the session of the year 1790, it was expedient to exercise the legislative power granted by the constitution of the United States, to lay and collect excises.' In a majority of the States, scarcely an objection was heard to this mode of taxation. In some, indeed, alarms were at first conceived, until they were banished by reason and patriotism. In the four western counties of Pennsylvania, a prejudice, fostered and embittered by the artifice of men who laboured for an ascendancy over the will of others by the guidance of their passions, produced symptoms of riot and violence. It is well known that Congress did not hesitate to examine the complaints which were presented; and to relieve them, as far as justice dictated, or general convenience would permit. But the impression which this moderation made on the discontented did not correspond with what it deserved. The arts of delusion were no longer confined to the efforts of designing individuals. The very forbearance to press prosecutions was misinterpreted into a fear of urging the execution of the laws; and associations of men began to denounce threats against the officers employed. From a belief that, by a more

formal concert, their operation might be defeated, certain self-created societies assumed the tone of condemnation. Hence, while the greater part of Pennsylvania itself were conforming themselves to the acts of excise, a few counties were resolved to frustrate them. It was now perceived that every expectation from the tenderness which had been hitherto pursued was unavailing; and that further delay could only create an opinion of impotency or irresolution in the government. Legal process was therefore delivered to the Marshal against the rioters and delinquent distillers.

"No sooner was he understood to be engaged in this duty than the vengeance of armed men was aimed at his person, and the person and property of the inspector of the revenue. They fired upon the Marshal, arrested him, and detained him some time as a prisoner. He was obliged, by the jeopardy of his life, to renounce the service of other processes on the west side of Alleghany Mountain, and a deputation was afterwards sent to him to demand a surrender of that which he had served. A numerous body repeatedly attacked the house of the inspector, seized his papers of office, and finally destroyed by fire his buildings, and whatever they contained. Both of these officers, from a just regard to their safety, fled to the seat of government, it being avowed that the motives of such outrages were to compel the resignation of the inspector -to withstand by force of arms the authority of the United States, and thereby to extort a repeal of the laws of excise, and an alteration in the conduct of government.

Upon the testimony of these facts, an Associate Justice of the Supreme court of the United States notified to me, that, in the counties of Washington and Alleghany in Pennsylvania, the laws of the United States were opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshal of that district.' On this call, momentous in the extreme, I sought and weighed what might best subdue the crisis. On the one hand, the judiciary was pronounced to be stripped of its capacity to enforce the laws; crimes which reached the very existence of social order were perpetrated without control; the friends of government were insulted, abused, and overawed into silence or an apparent acquiescence; and to yield to the treasonable fury of so small a portion of the United States would be to violate the fundamental principle of our constitution, which enjoins that the will of the majority shall prevail. On the other, to array citizen against citizen, to publish the dishonour of such excesses- -to encounter the expense and other embarrassments of so distant an expedition-were steps too delicate-too closely interwoven with many affecting considerations to be lightly adopted. I postponed, therefore, the summoning of the militia immediately into the field. But I required them to be held in readiness, that if my anxious endeavours to reclaim the deluded, and to convince the malignant of their danger, should be fruitless, military force might be prepared to act, before the season should be too far advanced.

'My proclamation of the 7th of August last was accordingly issued, and accompanied by the appointment of commissioners, who were charged to repair to the scene of insurrection. They were authorized to confer with any bodies of men or individuals. They were instructed to be candid and explicit in stating the sensations which had been excited in the ex

ecutive, and his earnest wish to avoid a resort to coercion; to represent, however, that, without submission, coercion must be the resort; but to invite them, at the same time, to return to the demeanour of faithful citizens, by such accommodation as lay within the sphere of the executive power. Pardon too was tendered to them by the government of the United States, and that of Pennsylvania, upon no other condition than a satisfactory assurance of obedience to the laws.

Although the report of the commissioners marks their firmness and abilities, and must unite all virtuous men, by showing that the means of conciliation have been exhausted, all of those who had committed or abetted the tumults did not subscribe the mild form, which was purposed as the atonement; and the indications of a peaceable temper were neither sufficiently general nor conclusive to recommend or warrant the further suspension or march of the militia.

"Thus the painful alternative could not be discarded: I ordered the militia to march, after once more admonishing the insurgents in my proclamation of the 20th September last."

Extract from the Life of Jefferson.

"I proceeded to New York," said Mr. Jefferson, "in March, 1790. Here, certainly, I found a state of things which, of all I had ever contemplated, I the least expected. I had left France in the first year of her revolution, in the fervour of natural rights and zeal for reformation.

"The President received me cordially, and my colleagues, and the circle of principal citizens apparently with welcome; the courtesies of dinner parties given me as a stranger, newly arrived among them, placed me at once in their familiar society; but I cannot describe the wonder and mortification with which the table conversation filled me. Politics were the chief topic; and a preference of a kingly, over a republican government, was evidently the favourite sentiment. An apostate I could not be, nor yet a hypocrite; and I found myself, for the most part, the only advocate on the republican side of the question, unless among the guests there chanced to be some member of that party from the legislative houses. Hamilton's financial system had then passed. It had two objects: first, as a puzzler, to exclude popular understanding and inquiry; second, as a machine for the corruption of the legislature : for he avowed the opinion, that man could be governed by one of two motives only, force or interest: force, he observed, in this country was out of the question, and the interest, therefore, of the members must be laid hold of to keep the legislative in unison with the executive. And with grief and shame it must be acknowledged that this machine was not without effect-that, even in this the birth of our government, some members were found sordid enough to lend their duty to their interest, and to look after personal rather than public good."

THE END.

London: Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street.