...of Virginia. Thus, he succeeded in getting the following phrase in Virginia's Declaration of Rights: "All men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion according to the dictates of conscience." This put the emphasis on individual rights rather than on governmental...

...assembly's protest against the actions of the government replacing it. Further, Virginia directed that "all men are equally entitled to the free exercise...conscience; and that it is the mutual duty of all to practise Christian forbearance, love, and charity towards each other." One cannot ignore the exclusion...

...something of the norm.64 By 1776, the Virginia Declaration of Rights propounded the new American orthodoxy 'all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion according to the dictates of conscience.'65 The First Amendment to the Constitution (1789)66 contains the clause...

...and presumahly the greatest influence on Madison, is especially clear on this poinL It provides that "all men are equally entitled to the free exercise...religion, according to the dictates of conscience" and defines "religion" as "the duty which we owe to our 144 See Marshall, Solving the Free Exercise Dilemma:...

...mediation of Jesus Christ, obtain His pardon and forgiveness." The Virginia Bill of Rights (1776) stated: "It is the mutual duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love and dignity towards each other." Pennsylvania's legislators took this oath of office (1776):"I do believe...

...bit of parliamentary maneuvering, the sentence was reworked according to Madison's design, to read, "all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience. ..." The clear-eyed Madison had eliminated the implication that there...

...Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, not by force or violence; and therefore all men are equally entitled...conscience; and that it is the mutual duty of all to practise Christian forbearance, love, and charity towards each other. Eine Erklärung der Rechte, gegeben...

...Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, not by force or violence; And therefore all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion according to the dictates of conscience. This declaration, however, was merely abstract, and did not stay the...

...before the Declaration of Independence, the Virginia Declaration of Rights provided, inter alia, that "all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience ..." 46 After centuries of government support for the state church in...

...military should be under strict subordination to, and governed by, the civil power; (xii) and that ing to the dictates of conscience.46 On 4 July 1776, in the American Declaration of Independence, the representatives...